{"id":1317,"date":"2018-12-30T10:31:21","date_gmt":"2018-12-30T07:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/?p=1317"},"modified":"2018-12-30T10:31:21","modified_gmt":"2018-12-30T07:31:21","slug":"hazirlik-sorusturmasinda-teshis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/hazirlik-sorusturmasinda-teshis\/","title":{"rendered":"Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda Te\u015fhis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f ve Kapsam<\/em><\/h2>\n

Te\u015fhis, geni\u015f anlamda, kimlik ve e\u015fg\u00e2l belirleme i\u015flemidir. Bu nedenle polisin gerek adl\u00ee ve gerekse \u00f6nleyici g\u00f6revlerinde s\u00f6z konusu edilebilir. Adl\u00ee y\u00f6nden \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Selahiyet Kanununda (PVSK\u2019da) d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna, dar ve as\u0131l anlamda te\u015fhis olarak sadece \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de denilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

PVSK\u2019daki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve usul\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, benzerlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00f6zel bir yasal tan\u0131m ve zemine kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. PVSK\u2019daki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d, gerek\u00e7ede de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere (2007), \u00a0il\u00adgi\u00adli ki\u00ad\u015fi\u00adnin, e\u015f\u00adya\u00adn\u0131n ve\u00adya ye\u00adrin be\u00adlir\u00adlen\u00adme\u00adsi\u00adne y\u00f6\u00adne\u00adlik olan i\u015f\u00adlem\u00adler\u00adden fark\u00adl\u0131d\u0131r. Adl\u00ee veya \u00f6nleyici g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yasal yetkili makamlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kimlik ve e\u015fg\u00e2l belirleme i\u015flemleri, PVSK\u2019daki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

PVSK\u2019daki te\u015fhis i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasal d\u00fczenlemeler, uyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ve haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kimlik ve e\u015fg\u00e2l belirleme tedbir ve i\u015flemlerinde de k\u0131yasen uygulanabilir. Aksi haller yerine g\u00f6re hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturabilecektir. Bu yaz\u0131da, PVSK\u2019da tan\u0131mlanan \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d incelenmi\u015ftir. As\u0131l ve dar anlamdaki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201dten farkl\u0131 olan, \u201ce\u015fg\u00e2l ve kimlik belirleme\u201d ameliyeleri de belirtilerek te\u015fhisin usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131, kapsaml\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yeterli \u015f\u00fcphe ile kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Kamu davas\u0131 da yeni sistemde iddianamenin kabul\u00fc ile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z, \u015f\u00fcpheli hakk\u0131nda verilen tutuklama karar\u0131 gibi bir k\u0131s\u0131m i\u015flemler de san\u0131kl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Zira tutuklama ya da adli kontrol gibi i\u015flemler i\u00e7in yeterli \u015f\u00fcpheden daha yo\u011fun, \u201ckuvvetli su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi\u201d gerekmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131da \u015f\u00fcpheli tabiri, yerine g\u00f6re san\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ifade edecek \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. Tan\u0131m ve Genel Bilgi <\/em><\/h3>\n

1.1. Te\u015fhisin Genel Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n

Te\u015fhis asl\u0131nda su\u00e7lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 arac\u0131 olan adli bir tedbir (Ery\u0131lmaz, 599) ve uygulamad\u0131r. Bu uygulamaya ve tedbire, su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da -idar\u00ee nitelikli olarak- ba\u015fvurulabilir. Te\u015fhis, \u015f\u00fcpheli ya da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n birey olarak kim oldu\u011funu belirleme ve tan\u0131ma i\u015flemidir (Centel-Zafer, 344; Krane, 212). Bu belirleme, e\u015fg\u00e2li ve takma ad veya l\u00e2kap gibi, kimlik bilgilerini \u00f6\u011frenmeyi de kapsayabilir. Bu bilgiler, \u015f\u00fcphelinin olayla ili\u015fkisini ortaya koyacak i\u00e7erikte olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Rodorf, 2018). Te\u015fhis, \u015f\u00fcphelinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan istenebilece\u011fi gibi, do\u011frudan soru\u015fturmaya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan da yapt\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

1.2. \u015e\u00fcphelinin Kendi Lehine Delil Olarak \u00a0\u201cTe\u015fhis\u201d Yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130steme Hakk\u0131<\/h4>\n

5681 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun konuyla ilgili gerek\u00e7esinde te\u015fhisin adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve 6271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunun (CMK) ile uyumlu olarak yasal altyap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilmektedir (Gerek\u00e7e, 2007).<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, \u015f\u00fcpheliler de, su\u00e7u i\u015flemediklerini ispat i\u00e7in tespit veya te\u015fhis yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinde bulunabilirler (Kugelmann, 175). Zira, te\u015fhis adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndand\u0131r (Gerek\u00e7e 2007). Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015f\u00fcphelinin kendi lehine delil toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fidir. Bu hak, CMK\u2019da (madde: 160\/2) yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1.3. Yasal H\u00fckme G\u00f6re Te\u015fhisin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Niteli\u011fi<\/h4>\n

Te\u015fhis, PVSK\u2019n\u0131n ek 6. maddesine 5681 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla eklenen 9 il\u00e2 17. f\u0131kralar aras\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yasal tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re; \u201cPolis, olaydaki failin, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan \u015f\u00fcpheli ile ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zorunlu olmas\u0131 halinde, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talimat\u0131yla te\u015fhis yapt\u0131rabilir.\u201d (PVSK, madde: 6\/9). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d, \u00e7o\u011funlukla, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klar i\u00e7inden faili belirlemek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r (Rodorf, 2017).<\/p>\n

\u201cTemel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131racak h\u00fck\u00fcmler istisna\u00ee niteliktedirler ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler dar yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131rlar\u201d (Yongal\u0131k, 10; Derdiman, 2015: 142). Mecellede genel bir ilke olarak ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201ctasrih mukabelesinde del\u00e2lete itibar yoktur\u201d {a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde dolayl\u0131 anlamlara bak\u0131lmaz (madde: 13)}. PVSK\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fckm\u00fc, CMK\u2019n\u0131n ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fcne nazaran hem sonraki hem de CMK\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcne nazaran daha \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u015eu halde, te\u015fhis:<\/p>\n

1-) Ki\u015finin; \u015fahsiyetin ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini isteme hakk\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131, madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesini isteme haklar\u0131na, hukuk\u00ee ve istisna\u00ee bir m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/p>\n

2-) \u00d6zel bir yasal d\u00fczenleme gere\u011fince ancak polis taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131labilecek bir i\u015flemdir (ayn\u0131 kanaat: B\u0131\u00e7ak, 637; benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: Kugelmann, 4). Bu se\u00e7enek, delilleri dedektiflik maharetiyle kollu\u011fun toplamas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kolluk i\u015flemlerinden bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 (Kunter, 85; Derdiman, 1997: 90; 2007: 116) fonksiyonuna da uyumludur. PVSK\u2019n\u0131n 25. maddesi gere\u011fince, polis gibi genel kolluk olan jandarma da, kendi kanununda olmayan bu yetkiyi PVSK\u2019ya dayanarak kullanabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, mesel\u00e2; 5395 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu (\u00c7KK) gere\u011fi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 bizzat yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131 da kendi takdiri ile bizzat soru\u015fturmak isteyebilir. Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bizzat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmalarda bile, te\u015fhisi, bizzat de\u011fil, kendi \u00f6n\u00fcnde kollu\u011fa yapt\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekmektedir (ayn\u0131 kanaat: Zafer, 2008: 1599).<\/p>\n

1.4. Te\u015fhise \u0130tiraz Sorunu<\/h4>\n

Anayasan\u0131n 40\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re, Devlet ki\u015filere, aleyhlerinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerle ilgili olarak yasal ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. \u0130tiraz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olursa ve kabul edilirse: Te\u015fhisten evvel itiraz ile hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 delil elde edilmesi; te\u015fhisten sonra itiraz ile de elde edilen delilin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle, de\u011ferlendirilmesi engellenmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

Anayasan\u0131n 40\/2 maddesi evleviyetle, i\u015flemden evvel itiraz edebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kapsar.<\/p>\n

Kanunlarda, arama, g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alma gibi adl\u00ee i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna mukabil te\u015fhis veya y\u00fczle\u015ftirme gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri de temel haklara m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu halde, kanunlarda, bunlara itiraz a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu eksikli\u011fin giderilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz. Bu y\u00f6ntem, haz\u0131rl\u0131k soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda haklar\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edilmesi endi\u015fesini giderici olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygun bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/p>\n

2. \u201cTe\u015fhis\u201d Kapsam\u0131na Girmeyen Benzer \u0130\u015flemler<\/em><\/h3>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da say\u0131lan mis\u00e2ller, \u201c{dar anlamda (as\u0131l)} te\u015fhis\u201din tan\u0131m\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n

1-) Kollu\u011fun su\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi, -kimlik sorma gibi- yasal her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tan\u0131ma tedbirleri (Kugelmann, 116).<\/p>\n

2-) Ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n ve tan\u0131klar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli ile ya da tan\u0131klar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda kimlik belirleme kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fczle\u015ftirilmeleri {CMK, madde: 52\/2 (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Centel-Zafer, 344)}.<\/p>\n

3-) Yakalanamam\u0131\u015f olan \u015f\u00fcphelinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in kimliklerinin ve e\u015fg\u00e2llerinin ma\u011fdur ya da tan\u0131klar\u0131n verecekleri bilgilerden ya da foto\u011fraflar\u0131ndan belirlenmeleri ya da do\u011frulanmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n

4-) Yakalanmam\u0131\u015f \u015f\u00fcphelileri; bunlar\u0131n kendi foto\u011fraflar\u0131 ve benzer g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc farkl\u0131 ki\u015filere ait foto\u011fraflar i\u00e7inden bulmak ve se\u00e7mek.<\/p>\n

Bu us\u00fbller, olsa olsa \u201cduruma g\u00f6re\u201d, idar\u00ee y\u00f6nden kolluk mevzuat\u0131 veya adl\u00ee y\u00f6nden CMK\u2019n\u0131n genel veya i\u015fleme \u00f6zg\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilebilirler.<\/p>\n

3. Te\u015fhis Us\u00fbl ve \u015eartlar\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n

3.1. Su\u00e7 \u015e\u00fcphelisinin Mevcudiyeti<\/h4>\n

Te\u015fhis i\u00e7in ortada, bir kimseye en az, \u201c\u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcklemeye\u201d elveri\u015fli \u015fekilde su\u00e7 te\u015fkil bir olay olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1-) Hareketlerin su\u00e7a elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yasal su\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131na uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, velev ki su\u00e7 zann\u0131 olsa bile, ortada su\u00e7 yoktur. Su\u00e7 olmayan ama su\u00e7a benzer olan hallerde bile, i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olan, \u201ci\u015flenemez su\u00e7\u201d (Alacakaptan, 2) vard\u0131r. Olu\u015ftu\u011fu konusunda elde yeterli emare bulunmayan, i\u015flenemez ya da imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir su\u00e7un \u015f\u00fcphelisi olmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle hallerde en az, \u015f\u00fcpheli haline gelmemi\u015f bir kimsenin te\u015fhisi, konusuz ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yapt\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

2-) Te\u015fhis, \u201cg\u00f6zalt\u0131nda bulundurulan\u201d bir \u015f\u00fcphelinin fail olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (PVSK, m. 6\/9). G\u00f6zalt\u0131 yakalanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015finin savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilen g\u00f6zalt\u0131 karar\u0131 ile olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

3-) \u201cTe\u015fhis\u201d, \u015f\u00fcphelinin i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia edilen bir su\u00e7tan soru\u015fturma maksad\u0131yla yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve \u015f\u00fcphelisi de bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hususlar, \u201cte\u015fhis\u201din:<\/p>\n

3a-) \u015e\u00fcphelinin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 nedeniyle,<\/p>\n

3b-) \u015e\u00fcphelinin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda,<\/p>\n

3c-) \u015e\u00fcphelinin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak,<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bir soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, o soru\u015fturmadaki \u015f\u00fcphelinin belirlenmesi nedenine dayanmayan ve o soru\u015fturmayla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan kimlik ve e\u015fgal belirleme gibi i\u015flemler, \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de\u011fildir.\u00a0 A\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da ileride a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir ba\u015fka soru\u015fturma ya da kovu\u015fturma \u015f\u00fcphelisini \u00f6nceden belirleme gibi i\u015flemler i\u00e7in de durum ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.2. Bilinmeyeni Belirleme<\/h4>\n

Te\u015fhis, bilinmeyen ama sima olarak se\u00e7ilebilen kimsenin e\u015fg\u00e2l ve kimlik olarak belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r (Rodorf, 2018). PVSK\u2019n\u0131n ek 6. maddesinin 11 ve 15. f\u0131kralar\u0131n\u0131n yorumundan da bu sonucun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kimlik ve sima olarak evvelden beri bilen ve tan\u0131yan kimselerin, birbirlerini te\u015fhis etmeleri s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Bu halde, yapt\u0131r\u0131lacak te\u015fhis zaten ama\u00e7s\u0131z ve konusuz kal\u0131r; delil de\u011feri de ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n

3.3. Zorunluluk ve Adl\u00ee Makamlar\u0131n Talimat\u0131<\/h4>\n

Gerek\u00e7ede (2007) de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;<\/p>\n

1-) Te\u015fhis yapt\u0131r\u0131labilmesi \u201czorunlu olmas\u0131\u201d haline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u201czorunluluk\u201d, su\u00e7un haz\u0131rl\u0131k soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndand\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u201czorunlulu\u011fu\u201d mak\u00fbl gerek\u00e7elere ba\u011flamak gerekir. Haz\u0131rl\u0131k soru\u015fturmas\u0131 evresinde koruma tedbirlerinin gerekli k\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi haller de zorunluluk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir (Kugelmann, 8).<\/p>\n

2-) Te\u015fhis, \u201czorunlu hal\u201din \u201cvar\u201dl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi halinde Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verece\u011fi talimatla yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n talimat\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 vermesi gerekir. Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n acil hallere m\u00fcnhas\u0131r verilen s\u00f6zl\u00fc talimat\u0131n\u0131n, yaz\u0131yla teyit edilmesi gerekir (CMK., madde: 161\/3). Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131 teyit, kanaatimizce soru\u015fturma sonuna kadar ve nihayet soru\u015fturma evraklar\u0131nda yer alacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.4. Te\u015fhis Yapabilecek Olanlar<\/h4>\n

PVSK\u2019da (ek madde: 6\/9) \u015f\u00fcphelinin kimlere te\u015fhis ettirilece\u011fi konusunda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle bir su\u00e7un \u015f\u00fcphelisini, di\u011fer bilgi sahibi olanlar \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d edebilirler. Bunlar, te\u015fhis s\u0131ras\u0131nda tan\u0131k ya da ma\u011fdur s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olacaklad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; te\u015fhis, muhtemel failin kim oldu\u011funun tespit edilmesi amac\u0131yla \u015f\u00fcphelinin ma\u011fdur ve tan\u0131klara g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r (Kunter-Yenisey-Nuho\u011flu, 774; Ery\u0131lmaz, 599).<\/p>\n

1-) Kollu\u011fun tan\u0131k dinlemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131p, ileride tan\u0131k olabilecek ki\u015fileri ifade sahibi olarak yasal us\u00fbller dairesinde dinleme yetkisi olabilir (Yarg\u0131tay 2009). Kolluktaki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de ileride tan\u0131k olabilecek ki\u015filere \u201cte\u015fhis eden\u201d; ma\u011fdura da \u201cma\u011fdur\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131 ile yapt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fhis halinde \u201colay\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna yemin verdirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n

2-) Tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinebilecek olanlar, te\u015fhiste bulunmaya zorlanamaz (PVSK ek madde: 6\/10). Bunlara tan\u0131kl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekinme haklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 isterlerse te\u015fhis yapmak zorunda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 bildirilir. Kendileri buna ra\u011fmen te\u015fhis yapmak isterse, kendilerine te\u015fhis yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ancak durum tutanakta belirlenir.<\/p>\n

3-) Tam te\u015fhis i\u00e7in, gerekti\u011finde; te\u015fhis edene, \u015f\u00fcpheliye de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlerden bakma ve tan\u0131ma imk\u00e2n\u0131 verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

3.5. Te\u015fhisten Evvel Uyulacak Us\u00fbl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n
3.5.1. Te\u015fhis Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u015famas\u0131<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Te\u015fhis, \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, benzerleriyle olu\u015fturulan grup i\u00e7inden, te\u015fhis edene se\u00e7tirilmesi us\u00fbl\u00fcd\u00fcr (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Derdiman, 2007: 180). Bu nedenle \u00f6nce te\u015fhis edilecek olan ve benzerlerinden bir grup olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Te\u015fhise ba\u015flanmadan \u00f6nce:<\/p>\n

1-) \u201cTe\u015fhis edecek ki\u015fi\u201dnin faili tarif eden beyanlar\u0131 tutana\u011fa ba\u011flan\u0131r (PVSK, ek madde: 6\/11).<\/p>\n

2-) \u201cTe\u015fhis edecek ki\u015fi\u201dye, \u015f\u00fcphelinin te\u015fhis edilecek ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131yor olabilece\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r (PVSK, ek madde: 6\/14).<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, \u201cte\u015fhis edecek olan\u201d\u0131n olay ve e\u015fg\u00e2l hakk\u0131nda te\u015fhis edecek derecede bilgi sahibi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r (Kapt\u0131-Kara-Ek\u015fi, 159). Ve bu i\u015flemler ile te\u015fhis aras\u0131ndaki tutarl\u0131l\u0131klar veya tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar da muhakemede \u015f\u00fcphelinin lehine veya aleyhine delil olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

3-) Te\u015fhis edenin psikolojik durumunun arazl\u0131 olmamas\u0131, h\u00fcr iradesiyle te\u015fhis yapabilecek durumda olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Ems\u00e2l bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131ndan hareketle (Yarg\u0131tay 2014a): Zihnin bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, alg\u0131lamada azalma, dikkatsizlik gibi hallerde te\u015fhis, bu arazlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra yapt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yine de bu durum tutanakta belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

3.5.2. Te\u015fhis Edilecek Olanlar\u0131n Belirlenmesi <\/strong><\/h5>\n

Ki\u015finin kendisinin foto\u011fraf\u0131ndan daha farkl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi, her zaman tan\u0131k olunabilecek durumdur (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: LG K\u00f6ln 1990). Bu nedenle \u201cte\u015fhis\u201dte esas olan, te\u015fhisi ki\u015filerin bizzat kendileri (yani kendi canl\u0131 v\u00fccutlar\u0131) \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda te\u015fhis, \u015f\u00fcphelinin kendisine benzeyen ki\u015filerle birlikte g\u00f6sterilmesi \u015feklinde yap\u0131l\u0131r (Centel-Zafer, 344). PVSK\u2019n\u0131n ek 6\/12. maddesinin i\u00e7eri\u011finden de \u00f6nceli\u011fin bu usulde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cTe\u015fhis i\u015flemine t\u00e2bi tutulan ki\u015filerin birden fazla ve ayn\u0131 cinsten olmalar\u0131 gereklidir. Bunlar\u0131n aralar\u0131nda da ya\u015f, boy, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, giyinme gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe ili\u015fkin hususlarda benzerlik bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (PVSK ek madde: 6\/12). Te\u015fhis i\u00e7in en az 2 farkl\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da foto\u011fraf\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir (Kapt\u0131-Kara-Ek\u015fi, 160).<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok zorunlu haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, say\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131 gerekir. Te\u015fhis i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterilecek farkl\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da foto\u011fraf say\u0131s\u0131, \u201cse\u00e7mede hata rizikosu\u201dnu kald\u0131racak say\u0131da olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 se\u00e7imi sa\u011flayacak derecede fazla olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r \u00a0(ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: BHG 2011).<\/p>\n

Te\u015fhis yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, gerekli olmas\u0131 halinde, \u015f\u00fcphelinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; cinsiyet, ya\u015f, sa\u00e7 sakal veya k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafeti ile ilgili gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131labilir (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Rodorf, 2017). Bunda, \u015f\u00fcphelinin, olay zaman\u0131ndaki e\u015fg\u00e2linin canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lan\u0131r (Kapt\u0131-Kara-Ek\u015fi, 160), Te\u015fhiste, \u015f\u00fcpheli ile g\u00f6sterime kat\u0131lacak di\u011fer ki\u015filerde de olay\u0131n durumuna g\u00f6re gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

3.6. Te\u015fhis Edilecek Olanlar\u0131n R\u0131zalar\u0131 Sorunu<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Te\u015fhis yapt\u0131rma i\u015fleminde:<\/p>\n

1-) \u015e\u00fcphelinin g\u00f6sterime sokulmas\u0131 gibi bir zorlaman\u0131n olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f (Kunter-Yenisey-Nuho\u011flu, 785; Zafer 2013: 47); te\u015fhiste bu bak\u0131mdan r\u0131za aranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Buna g\u00f6re te\u015fhise kat\u0131lacak \u015f\u00fcphelinin, k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri gibi taleplere uymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmektedir (Zafer 2013: 47).<\/p>\n

Kimse, kendini su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 delil ibraz etmeye zorlanamaz (Anayasa madde: 38). Bu durum CMK\u2019daki \u015f\u00fcpheli lehine delil toplamayla da ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc aleyhe delile ula\u015famamak, \u015f\u00fcphelinin veya san\u0131\u011f\u0131n lehine oldu\u011fundan, \u201clehe delile ula\u015fmak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu gerek\u00e7eler kanaatimizce: \u015f\u00fcphelinin \u201ckendi aleyhine delil ibraz etmek\u201d kapsam\u0131na girecek hallerde te\u015fhis edilecek \u015f\u00fcphelinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almak gerece\u011fine de ciddi i\u015farettirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n

Gerek foto\u011fraftan gerekse video kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan te\u015fhis gibi te\u015fhisler m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak bunlar\u0131n \u015fah\u0131stan elde edilmesi, kural olarak, \u015fahs\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kabul edilmektedir (\u0130HAM, 2002). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, te\u015fhis edilecek \u015f\u00fcpheli kendi aleyhine delil vermeme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

2-) Ama, te\u015fhiste \u015f\u00fcpheli ile birlikte g\u00f6sterilecek di\u011fer ki\u015filerin, bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in r\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde \u015f\u00fcphe edilmemelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6yle bir r\u0131za, ki\u015finin, lekelenmeme hakk\u0131n\u0131n; \u201cad\u0131n\u0131n bir su\u00e7ta an\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131\u201dn\u0131n gere\u011fidir. Nitekim te\u015fhis i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fcpheli ile g\u00f6sterime \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma, kanunlarda da kamusal bir \u201cg\u00f6rev\u201d ya da \u201cy\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d olarak d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Bunlardan ilgili r\u0131zan\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutunakta yer almal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu r\u0131za alma i\u015flemleri ki\u015filerin foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00fczerinden te\u015fhiste de ge\u00e7eli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>3.7. Te\u015fhis S\u0131ras\u0131nda Uyulacak Us\u00fbller<\/h4>\n
3.7.1. Te\u015fhis Yapacak Olana Sa\u011flanan G\u00fcvence<\/h5>\n

Te\u015fhiste, te\u015fhis edilenin pasif ve te\u015fhis edeni g\u00f6remeyece\u011fi \u015fekilde bir konu\u015flanma gerekir (PVSK., ek madde: 6\/13). Te\u015fhiste te\u015fhis eden, \u015f\u00fcpheli taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclemez durumdad\u0131r (Rodorf, 2017).\u00a0 Buna dikkat \u00e7eken bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131, te\u015fhis edilenin te\u015fhis tutana\u011f\u0131nda imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir (Yarg\u0131tay 2008). As\u0131l te\u015fhis bu \u015fekilde yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cA\u00e7\u0131k te\u015fhis\u201d (\u0130nci, 109 ve dipnot: 9), \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de\u011fil kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir y\u00fczle\u015ftirmedir. Bu nedenle \u201c\u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc te\u015fhis\u201d dedi\u011fimiz bu te\u015fhis, gizlenen niteli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u201cgizli te\u015fhis\u201d (\u0130nci, 109 ve dipnot: 9) de de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

3.7.2. Te\u015fhisin Tekrar\u0131<\/h5>\n

Te\u015fhis i\u015flemi en az iki kez tekrarlan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece te\u015fhiste, te\u015fhisten evvel te\u015fhis edecek taraf\u0131ndan verilen bilgiler ve iki kez tekrarlanan te\u015fhis h\u00fckme varmada \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r. Te\u015fhiste en az 2 kez tekrar usul\u00fcne \u201cfoto\u011fraf te\u015fhisi\u201d (\u0130nci, 110) veya daha do\u011frusu\u201cfoto\u011fraftan te\u015fhis\u201dte de uyulur.<\/p>\n

3.7.3. Te\u015fhisin G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye Al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da Foto\u011fraflanmas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Te\u015fhis i\u015flemine t\u00e2bi tutulan ki\u015filerin, bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda birlikte foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilerek veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri kayda al\u0131narak, soru\u015fturma dosyas\u0131na konur (PVSK, ek madde: 6\/14). Ki\u015finin foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131r\u0131lan te\u015fhiste de te\u015fhise esas te\u015fkil eden foto\u011fraflar\u0131n nereden nas\u0131l al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, foto\u011fraf sahiplerinin r\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmelidir. Bu foto\u011fraflar\u0131n as\u0131llar\u0131 te\u015fhis tutana\u011f\u0131 eklenip adli tahkikat dosyas\u0131na konmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.7.4. Te\u015fhis Edileceklerin S\u0131ralanmalar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n

Te\u015fhis, te\u015fhis i\u00e7in s\u0131ralananlara bir \u201cnumara\u201d verilerek yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. PVSK\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc (ek madde 6\/12) \u201cnumaraland\u0131rma\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmektedir. Te\u015fhis edilecek ki\u015fileri ya da\u00a0 foto\u011fraflar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in harf veya ba\u015fka bir i\u015faret kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Kanun koyucunun numaraland\u0131rmadaki maksad\u0131, \u201charflerin isimleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol\u00fc\u201dnden kaynaklan\u0131yor olsa gerektir. \u201cOrijinal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde su\u00e7lunun g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131za g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyebilecek bir \u015feyden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak gerekir\u201d (OLG,1983).<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, ad\u0131 Ali olan birisinin foto\u011fraf\u0131na \u201cA\u201d harfi konmas\u0131, ad\u0131 Ali olan as\u0131l \u015f\u00fcpheli yerine bu foto\u011fraf\u0131n te\u015fhis edilmesine sebep olabilir. Bu t\u00fcr bir durum haliyle te\u015fhisi delil olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; te\u015fhiste, “\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131” ya da “y\u00f6nlendirici” olabilecek rakamlar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmemesine de \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen, \u201ckanun\u00ee us\u00fble uyulmadan yap\u0131lan te\u015fhisin h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay\u00a0 (2017) karar\u0131\u201dndan hareketle; bu durumlar\u0131n da, te\u015fhisi h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmayacak hale getirebilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Te\u015fhis, bilhassa olaydan hemen sonra s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; muhakemede \u00f6nemli bir delil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir (\u0130nci, 105). Kollukta yap\u0131lan te\u015fhis usule tam uyularak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda delil mahiyeti kazan\u0131r (Rodorf, 2017). Delil niteli\u011fi olmayan te\u015fhis, te\u015fhis de\u011fildir. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak delil elde edilen te\u015fhise de itibar edilmez.<\/p>\n

3.8. Foto\u011fraftan Te\u015fhis<\/h4>\n

\u201c\u015e\u00fcphelinin foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00fczerinden de te\u015fhis yapt\u0131r\u0131labilir\u201d (PVSK, ek madde: 6\/16). Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda da (mesela: Yarg\u0131tay 2008; 2017), te\u015fhis i\u015fleminin \u201cgerekti\u011finde\u201d foto\u011fraf \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay bir ba\u015fka kararda da; \u201cma\u011fdur ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 oturumda dinlenerek\u00a0 y\u00fczle\u015ftirme\u00a0 yap\u0131lmas\u0131(na),\u00a0 y\u00fczle\u015ftirme\u00a0 yap\u0131lamaz ise san\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhise esas foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilip ma\u011fdura g\u00f6sterilerek \u2026san\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u2026 duraksamaya neden olmayacak \u015fekilde belirlen(mesi)\u201d gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay 2014).<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf \u00fczerinden te\u015fhiste de sima, \u015fekil ve di\u011fer hususlarda benzer foto\u011fraflar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden bir se\u00e7im olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu te\u015fhis, \u201cse\u00e7imlik te\u015fhis\u201d (Rodorf, 2017; \u0130nci, 109 ve dipnot: 9) veya \u201cse\u00e7erek te\u015fhis\u201dtir. \u201cTek bir foto\u011fraf veya ayn\u0131 ki\u015finin farkl\u0131 foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00fczerinden te\u015fhis yapt\u0131r\u0131lamaz\u201d (PVSK, ek madde: 6\/16).<\/p>\n

\u201cTekil te\u015fhis\u201d (Rodorf, 2017)\u00a0 \u015feklinde konumuzdaki gibi bir \u201cfoto\u011fraf te\u015fhisi\u201d olmaz. (Deyimler i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u0130nci, 109 ve dipnot: 9). Tek foto\u011fraf \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan te\u015fhisin PVSK’n\u0131n ek 6. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 2017). Te\u015fhiste \u201cde\u011fi\u015fik ki\u015filerin foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ve \u00f6zellikte olmalar\u0131 gerekir.\u201d Te\u015fhiste kullan\u0131lacak farkl\u0131 foto\u011fraflar zorunlu halde en az 2 olsa bile, normalde do\u011fru\/isabetli te\u015fhis yapmaya elveri\u015fli daha fazla say\u0131da olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde esas olan\u0131n, ki\u015filerin foto\u011fraflar\u0131 de\u011fil; kendileri \u00fczerinden te\u015fhis ettirilmesidir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir gereklilikle foto\u011frafla te\u015fhis m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, te\u015fhisin \u00fczerinden tekrarlatt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 daha uygundur. Te\u015fhisin g\u00f6zalt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde \u015f\u00fcphelinin kendisi \u00fczerinden te\u015fhis tekrar\u0131 da gerekli kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Sab\u0131kal\u0131lar defterindeki foto\u011fraflardan \u015f\u00fcpheli belirlemesi de yapt\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ama bu foto\u011fraflar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131 olabilecektir. Ancak, bu \u015fekildeki te\u015fhisin tekrar\u0131nda; foto\u011fraflar farkl\u0131 dizilemeyebilirler ve numaraland\u0131r\u0131lamayabilirler. Bu i\u015flem ekseriyetle yakalanacak olan\u0131 belirleme i\u00e7in yapt\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle sab\u0131kal\u0131lar defterinden yapt\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cfoto\u011fraftan te\u015fhis\u201d, PVSK\u2019daki as\u0131l \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d kapsam\u0131 (B\u0131\u00e7ak, 638) d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu i\u015flemde, genel adli g\u00f6rev kapsam\u0131nda e\u015fg\u00e2l ve kimlik belirleme ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.9. Te\u015fhis \u0130\u015fleminin Sona Ermesi<\/h4>\n

1-) Te\u015fhis edenin \u015f\u00fcpheliyi do\u011fru te\u015fhis edip etmedi\u011fi, \u015f\u00fcphede kal\u0131p kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hususlar \u00f6zellikle belirlenmelidir. Te\u015fhis \u201cdelillerin do\u011frudanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ilkesi gere\u011fince mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde do\u011frulatma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeniden ve genellikle \u201cy\u00fczle\u015ftirme\u201d \u015feklinde yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u00fczle\u015ftirme, esas bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle te\u015fhis gibidir (benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: Dinler, 70).<\/p>\n

Kolluk ve mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcndeki te\u015fhis i\u015flemleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiler, te\u015fhise itibar\u0131 azaltabilecek\/kald\u0131rabilecektir (Yarg\u0131tay 2014). Bir ba\u015fka Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda, \u201cte\u015fhis eden\u201din tan\u0131k olarak ifadesinin al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafiine savunma hakk\u0131 verilmelidir (Yarg\u0131tay 2018). G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, te\u015fhisin g\u00fcvenilir, sa\u011flam ve s\u00fcbut delil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin tamamlanmas\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi (AyM) san\u0131k beyanlar\u0131 te\u015fhis ve aramadan elde edilen verilere dayanan mahkumiyette:<\/p>\n

1a-) Kolluktaki san\u0131k beyanlar\u0131ndan, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer san\u0131klar taraf\u0131ndan ve mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde do\u011frulanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na;<\/p>\n

1b-) Araman\u0131n usul\u00fcne uygun yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na;<\/p>\n

Dayan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (AyM, 2015). Ceza muhakemesinde muhakeme hukuku kaideleri veya temel haklar ihl\u00e2l edilerek ula\u015f\u0131lan delil ara\u00e7lar\u0131 delil kabul edilmemekte, bunlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ula\u015f\u0131lan deliller de, -hukuka uygun olsalar da- yasak kapsam\u0131na girmektedirler (Yarg\u0131tay, 2005; Derdiman, 1990: 113 ve devam\u0131). Buna g\u00f6re, usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re yapt\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f te\u015fhisin de adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2li olaca\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00fckme esas al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

2-) Te\u015fhis tutana\u011fa ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r (PVSK ek madde: 6\/17). Tutanak, i\u015flemleri detayl\u0131 tespit etmelidir (Rodorf, 2017) ve \u00a0huzurda bulunanlar taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130mza etmeyenlerin ka\u00e7\u0131nma gerek\u00e7eleri yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tutanakta, olay, te\u015fhisin yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f sebebi, y\u00f6ntemi, sonucu (Derdiman, 2007: 182); te\u015fhisin h\u00fcr irade ile yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve varsa te\u015fhise etki ve m\u00fcdahaleler belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d te\u015fhis edilenin g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi ve pasif oldu\u011fu bir tan\u0131ma i\u015flemdir. Bu nedenle tutanakta \u015f\u00fcphelinin imzas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlu de\u011fildir (Yarg\u0131tay 2008). Te\u015fhis edilenin tutana\u011fa imza atmamas\u0131 daha do\u011frudur. \u0130mza edecek olursa bile, orada te\u015fhis edeni g\u00f6rece\u011finden i\u015flem y\u00fczle\u015ftirmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u2013Ki imza att\u0131r\u0131lsa bile; \u015f\u00fcphelinin bu imzas\u0131, kendisinin te\u015fhise tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f ve\/veya r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015f bir hazurun oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez-. Ancak, \u015f\u00fcphelinin yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lacak te\u015fhiste, te\u015fhis edenin bulundu\u011fu yerde bulunup \u015f\u00fcphelinin hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015f olacak m\u00fcdafiinin, tutana\u011fa, duruma tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve varsa m\u00fcdahalesini de i\u00e7erir anlamda imza atmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemede delillerin do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, tutanakta te\u015fhis i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan foto\u011fraflar\u0131n nereden nas\u0131l bulundu\u011fu belirlenmeli ve as\u0131llar\u0131 tutana\u011fa konmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/h4>\n

Ems\u00e2l bir karar, te\u015fhisle ilgili olarak \u201ctutanakta san\u0131\u011f\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131 yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 bozma gerek\u00e7eleri i\u00e7inde saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00a0 (Yarg\u0131tay 2014b). Bir ba\u015fka ems\u00e2l karar da te\u015fhisin tam ve yasal usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine bir \u015fekilde dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, tutana\u011f\u0131n zorlukla okunan el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla geli\u015fig\u00fczel d\u00fczenlenmemesini, te\u015fhise kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri ve di\u011fer hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan eksiklik halinde te\u015fhisin g\u00fcvenli delil olmayaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay, 2010).<\/p>\n

3-) \u201cTan\u0131ma\u201d ki\u015fisel verilerin ve bilgilerin toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilmektir (Kugelmann, 174). Bunlardan \u201cki\u015fisel veri\u201dleri korumak da ayr\u0131ca te\u015fhisi yapt\u0131ran kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve sorumlulu\u011fundand\u0131r (ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Rodorf, 2018). Bu ki\u015fisel verilerin, \u015f\u00fcphelinin kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da beraatine karar verilmesi ve bunlar\u0131n kesinle\u015fmelerinden sonra yasal us\u00fble uygun olarak, imha edilmeleri gerekir (benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: B\u0131\u00e7ak, 638).<\/p>\n

Bu konuda dayanak CMK\u2019n\u0131n 81\/2 maddesi olup, imhan\u0131n Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 huzurunda ve tekrar geri getirilemeyecek ve eri\u015filemeyecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yok (imha) edilen veriye, ki\u015fisel veri sadece \u201ckullan\u0131c\u0131\u201d taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ve hi\u00e7bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131lamayacak (bak\u0131n\u0131z: KVKK, 46, 47) olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4. Te\u015fhis S\u00fcrecinde Kollu\u011fun Tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n

Te\u015fhis s\u0131ras\u0131nda kolluk g\u00f6revlileri te\u015fhis edecek olan\u0131 etki veya bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almamal\u0131, dikkatini da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flardan uzak durmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kolluk g\u00f6revlileri te\u015fhis edenin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m zannetmesine sebep olacak davran\u0131\u015flardan ve konu\u015fmalardan bile ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hallerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcphelerin bile, hem yasal sorumlulu\u011fu gerektirece\u011fi hem de te\u015fhisi delil olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n

5. Te\u015fhiste M\u00fcdafiden Yararlanma Sorunu<\/em><\/h3>\n

Ele ge\u00e7irilen kimsenin su\u00e7un faili olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan te\u015fhiste m\u00fcdafiden yararlanma hakk\u0131 kanunlarda a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. Hal b\u00f6yle olsa bile; te\u015fhis edilecek \u015f\u00fcphelinin m\u00fcdafiden yararlanma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Mahkemece gizlilik karar\u0131 al\u0131nan hallerde bile m\u00fcdafi, kendi m\u00fcvekkili ile ilgili i\u015flemlere ula\u015fabilirken, te\u015fhis i\u015fleminde bulundurulmamas\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir tutum olacakt\u0131r. K\u0131saca, te\u015fhis i\u015flemine m\u00fcdafiin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r (\u0130HAM, 2002; Zafer, 2008: 1599; B\u0131\u00e7ak, 639). Zorunlu m\u00fcdafi gerektiren su\u00e7larda te\u015fhis i\u00e7in de m\u00fcdafi bulundurulmas\u0131 zorunlu tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcdafiden yararlanma, m\u00fcdafiye, san\u0131\u011fa hukuk\u00ee yard\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n verir. Ama te\u015fhis s\u0131ras\u0131nda te\u015fhis edilecek ki\u015finin yan\u0131nda bulunma hakk\u0131 vermez (Rodorf, 2017). Kanaatimizce m\u00fcdafi \u015f\u00fcpheli haklar\u0131n\u0131 gerekti\u011finde savunacak \u015fekilde t\u00fcm te\u015fhis s\u00fcrecine tan\u0131kl\u0131 etmeli ve te\u015fhis an\u0131nda da te\u015fhis edenin yan\u0131nda bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Y\u00fczle\u015ftirmeden ya da foto\u011fraf\u0131ndan te\u015fhisten sonra ele ge\u00e7irilen \u015f\u00fcphelinin do\u011fru ki\u015fi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fhisinde de bu us\u00fbllere uyulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h2>\n

A. Eserler.-<\/em><\/h3>\n

Alacakaptan, U\u011fur (1970). \u0130\u015flenemez Su\u00e7<\/em>, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

B\u0131\u00e7ak, Vahit (2010). Su\u00e7 Muhakemesi<\/em> Hukuku,<\/em> 2. Bask\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Centel, Nur-Zafer, Hamide (2018). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku,<\/em> Yenilenmi\u015f ve G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 15. Bas\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (1990). T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u00d6zel Hayat\u0131n Gizlili\u011fine Sayg\u0131 G\u00f6sterilmesini \u0130steme Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki \u0130stisnas\u0131 Olarak Adl\u00ee Arama ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131,<\/em> Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (2007), Polis Y\u00f6netimi ve Hukuku,<\/em> Mevzuattaki En Son De\u011fi\u015fikliklere G\u00f6re Yeniden Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 3. Bask\u0131, Nobel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (2013). Anayasa Hukuku,<\/em> 3. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa.<\/p>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (2015). Hukuk Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131,<\/em> G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa.<\/p>\n

Dinler, Veysel (2009). Ceza Muhakemes<\/em>i<\/em>nde Del<\/em>i<\/em>ller<\/em>i<\/em>n Toplanmas\u0131, <\/em>Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Polis Akademisi G\u00fcvenlik Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Su\u00e7 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Anabilim Dal\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Ery\u0131lmaz, M. Bedri (2012). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku Dersleri<\/em>, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Kapt\u0131, Ali Can-Kara, Burhan-Ek\u015fi Metin (2014). Polis Meslek Hukuku<\/em>, Adalet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

KVKK (2018). 100 Soruda Ki\u015fisel verilen Korunmas\u0131,<\/em> KVKK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kugelmann, Dieter (2012). Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht, zweite Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006, 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kunter, Nurullah-Yenisey, Feridun-Nuho\u011flu, Ay\u015fe, Muhakeme Hukuku Dal\u0131 Olarak Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 18. Bas\u0131 Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zafer, Hamide (2013). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku,<\/em> Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi A\u00e7\u0131k\u00f6\u011fretim Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 no: 1887, Eski\u015fehir.<\/span><\/p>\n

B. Makaleler ve B\u00f6l\u00fcmler.-<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (1997). \u201cKollu\u011fun Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Konumuna \u0130li\u015fkin D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve \u00d6neriler\u201d, T\u00fcrk \u0130dare Dergisi,<\/em> y\u0131l: 69, Haziran 1997 say\u0131: 415, ss: 69-98.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nci, Zafer (2009). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cCeza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Te\u015fhis\u201d T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi Dergisi<\/em>, Say\u0131 85, 2009, ss: 105-136.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krane, Cristian (2006),\u00a0 \u201cPersonenkontrollen\u201d W\u00f6rterbuch zur Inneren Sicherheit<\/em>, Hrsg: Lange, Hans-J\u00fcrgen, GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden<\/span><\/p>\n

Kunter, Nurullah (1971). \u201cReformlar ve Su\u00e7 Kollu\u011fu\u201d, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131<\/em>, cilt: 37, say\u0131: 1-4, ss: 73-97.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rodorf, Alfred (2017). \u201c\u00a7 58 StPO (Gegen\u00fcberstellung im Strafverfahren)\u201d, http:\/\/www.rodorf.de\/02_stpo\/01_1.htm#03<\/a> (28.11.2018)<\/span><\/p>\n

Rodorf, Alfred (2018). \u201cAusschreibung von Beschuldigten und Zeugen \u00a7 131 ff. StPO\u201d, http:\/\/www.rodorf.de\/ 02_stpo\/13_1.htm<\/a>\u00a0 (15.11.2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

Yongal\u0131k, Aynur (2011). \u201c\u2018\u0130stisnalar Dar Yorumlan\u0131r\u2019 Kural\u0131 ve De\u011ferlendirilmesi\u201d, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em>, cilt: 60\u00a0 say\u0131: 1, y\u0131l: 2011, ss: 1-15<\/span><\/p>\n

Zafer, Hamide (2008). \u201cPolis Vazife ve Selahiyet Kanunu\u2019nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair 5681 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un De\u011ferlendirilmesi\u201d, Ord. Prof. Dr. Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer Arma\u011fan\u0131, cilt: II<\/em>, Yay\u0131na Haz\u0131rlayanlar: K\u00f6ksal Bayraktar\/Zuhal D\u00f6nmezer-\u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu\/Hakan K\u0131z\u0131larslan, Atat\u00fcrk Dil ve Tarih Y\u00fcksek Kurumu Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131-T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, ss: 1573-1602.<\/span><\/p>\n

C. Mevzuat Gerek\u00e7eleri.-<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

Gerek\u00e7e (2007). TBMM 22. D\u00f6\u00adnem, 5. Ya\u00adsa\u00adma Y\u0131\u00adl\u0131, 1437 s\u0131ra say\u0131l\u0131 Po\u00adlis Va\u00adzi\u00adfe ve Sa\u00adla\u00adhi\u00adyet Ka\u00adnu\u00adnun\u00adda De\u00ad\u011fi\u00ad\u015fik\u00adlik Ya\u00adp\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131\u00adna Da\u00adir Ka\u00adnun Tek\u00adli\u00adfi ile Ada\u00adlet Ko\u00admis\u00adyo\u00adnu Ra\u00adpo\u00adru (2\/1037), https:\/\/www.tbmm.gov.tr\/develop\/owa\/tasari_teklif_gd.onerge_bilgileri?kanun lar_sira_no=54050<\/a> (15.08.2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

D. Yarg\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131.-<\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0130HAM (2002). Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesinin 26 Eyl\u00fcl 2002 tarihli ve 63737 \/ 00, say\u0131l\u0131 Perry v. \u0130ngiltere Karar\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

AyM (2015). Anayasa Mahkemesi Birinci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 18.11.2015 tarihli ve Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru No: 2013\/2516 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

BHG ( 2011)BGH, Beschluss vom 09. November 2011 \u2013 1 StR 524\/11 \u2013, juris Rn. 8, nakleden (Bef\u00f6rderung): Goldkamp, Tobias (2017). <\/a>\u201c<\/em>Identifizierung im Strafverfahren durch Wahllichtbildvorlage<\/a>\u201d\u00a0am 11. April 2017, <\/em>https:\/\/aktuell. breuer.legal\/identifizierung-im-strafverfahren-durch-wahllichtbildvorlage-4156\/ (15.11.2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

LG K\u00f6ln (1990). LG K\u00f6ln, Urteil vom 22. Mai 1990 \u2013 112 \u2013 4\/89 \u2013, NStZ 1991, 202, nakleden (Bef\u00f6rderung): Goldkamp, Tobias (2017). <\/a>\u201c<\/em>Identifizierung im Strafverfahren durch Wahllichtbildvorlage<\/a>\u201d\u00a0am 11. April 2017, <\/em>https:\/\/aktuell. breuer.legal\/identifizierung-im-strafverfahren-durch-wahllichtbildvorlage-4156\/ (15.11.2018)<\/span><\/p>\n

OLG (1983). OLG Karlsruhe, Beschluss vom 17. M\u00e4rz 1983 \u2013 3 HEs 77\/83 \u2013, StV 1984, 9, nakleden (Bef\u00f6rderung): Goldkamp, Tobias (2017). <\/a>\u201c<\/em>Identifizierung im Strafverfahren durch Wahllichtbildvorlage<\/a>\u201d\u00a0am 11. April 2017, <\/em>https:\/\/aktuell. breuer.legal\/identifizierung-im-strafverfahren-durch-wahllichtbildvorlage-4156\/ (15.11.2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2008). Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun15.04.2008 tarihli ve Esas: 2008\/6-71 Karar:2008\/85 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay(2009). Yarg\u0131tay 4. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 24.06.2009 g\u00fcn, 2009\/16212 E. ve 2009\/12656 K. say\u0131l\u0131 il\u00e2m\u0131, nakleden: \u015een, Ersan, \u201cKolluk Tan\u0131k Dinleyebilir mi?\u201d Hukuki Haber, 23 Kas\u0131m 2017, http:\/\/www.hukukihaber.net\/kolluk-tanik-dinleyebilir-mi-makale,5548.html<\/a>, (18.11.2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2010). Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 28.09.2010 tarihli ve 109-177 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Albayrak, Mustafa (2013). Notlu-At\u0131fl\u0131-Uygulamal\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu,<\/em> Geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 8. Bask\u0131, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara,\u00a0 s. 442<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2014). Yarg\u0131tay 6. Ceza Dairesinin 25.6.2014\u00a0 tarihli ve Esas No:2012\/5776 Karar No: 2014\/13367 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2014a). Yarg\u0131tay 6. Ceza Dairesinin 15.12.2014\u00a0 tarihli ve Esas No: 2012\/990 Karar No: 2014\/22699 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2014b). Yarg\u0131tay 6. Ceza Dairesinin 24.04.2014 tarihli ve Esas: 2012\/1959, Karar: 2014\/8132 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2015). Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesinin 16.4.2015 tarihli ve Esas No:2014\/35761 Karar No: 2015\/13606 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2017). Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesinin 04.12.2017 esas no: 2017\/2252, karar no: 2017\/5483 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2018). Yarg\u0131tay 16. Ceza Dairesinin 19.09.2018 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/2621,\u00a0Karar: 2018\/2663\u00a0 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n
\n

Dikkat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h3>\n

1-)\u00a0 Bu makalenin, yasalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7, r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta <\/em>Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/em><\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/em><\/p>\n

R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201cHaz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda Te\u015fhis\u201d,<\/em> Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka:<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynak:\u00a0 <\/em>R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201cHaz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda Te\u015fhis\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman Giri\u015f ve Kapsam Te\u015fhis, geni\u015f anlamda, kimlik ve e\u015fg\u00e2l belirleme i\u015flemidir. Bu nedenle polisin gerek adl\u00ee ve gerekse \u00f6nleyici g\u00f6revlerinde s\u00f6z konusu edilebilir. Adl\u00ee y\u00f6nden \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d 2559 say\u0131l\u0131 Polis Vazife ve Selahiyet Kanununda (PVSK\u2019da) d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna, dar ve as\u0131l anlamda te\u015fhis olarak sadece \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d de denilebilmektedir. PVSK\u2019daki \u201cte\u015fhis\u201d, i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHaz\u0131rl\u0131k Soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda Te\u015fhis | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Te\u015fhis, geni\u015f anlamda, kimlik ve e\u015fg\u00e2l belirleme i\u015flemidir. 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