{"id":1349,"date":"2019-02-01T16:13:26","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T13:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/?p=1349"},"modified":"2019-02-01T16:13:26","modified_gmt":"2019-02-01T13:13:26","slug":"imar-barisi-degerlendirmeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/imar-barisi-degerlendirmeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 De\u011ferlendirmeleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman<\/em><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Kapsam\u0131 \u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n

Bu yaz\u0131, \u201cimar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201dna ili\u015fkin sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerine ili\u015fkin \u201ckanaatlerimizi\u201d i\u00e7ermektedir. Yaz\u0131da, 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun (\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n) ge\u00e7ici 16 maddesine ve di\u011fer alt d\u00fczenleyici metinlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131, tek malikli, -\u201ctoplu yap\u0131lar\u201d diye k\u0131saltt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z (KMK\u2019n\u0131n 66. maddesindeki ve \u00f6rne\u011fin irtifak hakk\u0131 devan etti\u011finden hen\u00fcz yap\u0131 kullan\u0131m izni almam\u0131\u015f) site ya da apartman gibi in\u015faatlar\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Enerji tesisleri liman veya iskele gibi yap\u0131lar yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131daki izahatlar, uyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde buralar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli addedilebilir. Yaz\u0131da metin i\u00e7inde verilmeyen k\u0131saltmalara kaynak\u00e7adan bak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131, daha iyi bir yasal uygulama i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fma ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere katk\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u00a0Nihayetinde \u00a0en uygun politikalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, kamusal makamlar\u0131n takdirindedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n

Genel Bilgi <\/em><\/h3>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130K\u2019n\u0131n -7143 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla eklenen- ge\u00e7ici 16. maddesiyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 31\/12\/2018\u2019e kadar uzat\u0131lan imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresi, 31\/12\/2018 tarihli ve 538 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131\u201dyla yeniden uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130K\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici 16. maddesine dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan son uzatma, 31.06.2019\u2019da sona ermi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ama\u00e7, yasal kapsama giren yap\u0131lara, \u201cyap\u0131 kay\u0131t belgesi (YKB)\u201d almakt\u0131r (YKBUE, m. 1).\u00a0 YKB almak i\u00e7in; park, ye\u015fil alan gibi umum\u00ee hizmet alanlar\u0131n\u0131n maliklerce terkedilmesi de gerekecektir. (\u00c7B\u015e 2018).<\/p>\n

1. \u00d6denmesi Gerekli Bedel Miktar\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n

Yap\u0131 kay\u0131t belgesi (YKB)\u00a0 almak i\u00e7in, yap\u0131n\u0131n, eml\u00e2k vergi de\u011feri ile yap\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k maliyet bedelinin toplam\u0131 \u00fczerinden:<\/p>\n

1-) Konutlarda % 3;<\/p>\n

2-) Ticari kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lacak yap\u0131larda ise % 5;<\/p>\n

\u00dczerinden belirlenen bedelin, \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkez muhasebe m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. (\u0130K, ge\u00e7ici madde: 16; YKBUE, m. 5\/2). Bu bedel, uzat\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc sonuna kadar yat\u0131r\u0131labilecektir. \u201cBedelin YKB m\u00fcracaat\u0131na esas olarak yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201cal\u0131nd\u0131 belgesi\u201dnde yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bedel \u00f6denmeden YKB verilemez (YKBUE, m. 5\/2-a).<\/p>\n

2. \u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cYap\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden\u201d Kapsam\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n

YKB ba\u015fvurusu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla:<\/p>\n

1-) Yap\u0131 ruhsat\u0131 veya yap\u0131 kullanma izni bulunmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n

2-) Yap\u0131 ruhsat\u0131 bulunan yap\u0131larda ise ruhsat ve eklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olan yap\u0131lar\u0131;<\/p>\n

Kapsamaktad\u0131r. (YKBUE, m. 4\/5).<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fvuruya ili\u015fkin izahat ve usul, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7\u015eB ve \u00a0YKBUE\u2019de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re ba\u015fvuruda \u00f6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n

1-) Beyan eden y\u00f6n\u00fcnden, kimlik, telefon ve internet adresi;<\/p>\n

2-) Yap\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de:<\/p>\n

2a-) Arsa parsel bilgileri, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, eml\u00e2k de\u011feri,<\/p>\n

2b-) Arsa \u00fczerinde mesken veya i\u015fyeri say\u0131s\u0131;<\/p>\n

3-) Varsa yap\u0131la\u015fma projesi, buna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar ve d\u00fczeltme\u00a0 \u00f6nerileri;<\/p>\n

Gibi hususlar yer alabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Kanun YKB verilmeyecek ba\u015fvurular\u0131 da belirtmektedir:<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n arazisi \u00fczerindeki ve ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 beyana konu olan ve bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmeyen yap\u0131lar bunlara \u00f6rnektirler. D\u00fczenlemelerde kamu arazileri \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan in\u015faatlar\u0131n da hazineye ge\u00e7mesi gibi us\u00fbller yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u0130K, ge\u00e7ici madde: 16\/9; \u00c7\u015eB 2018).<\/p>\n

3. Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerileri<\/em><\/h3>\n

3.1. Yasal \u201cAma\u00e7 ve Kapsam\u201d Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/h4>\n

\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici 16 maddesine g\u00f6re kapsama: \u201c31 Aral\u0131k 2017 tarihinden \u00f6nce ruhsats\u0131z veya ruhsat eklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u0131rsal ve kentsel alanlardaki\u201d<\/em> (\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131, 5.) yap\u0131lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131 ruhsat\u0131 eklerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da hen\u00fcz kullan\u0131m izni almam\u0131\u015f, irtifak hakk\u0131 devam eden yap\u0131lar da imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yararlanabileceklerdir.<\/p>\n

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, afet riski ta\u015f\u0131yan binalara da YKB verilebilece\u011fi gibi bir iddiaya\/izlenime elveri\u015fli \u00a0\u201cgibi\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. TMMOB\u2019ce, \u201ch\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda riskli alan i\u00e7inde kalan yap\u0131lar\u0131n, \u2018af kapsam\u0131\u2019na al\u0131nmas\u0131\u201d<\/em>ndan (TMMOB, 12) s\u00f6z edilmesi z\u0131mnen \u00a0buna da i\u015faret etmektedir. Ayn\u0131 raporda, \u201cimar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201d, bir t\u00fcr \u201cimar aff\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Raporda riskli\u00a0 yap\u0131lar\u0131n imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131 da \u00e7izilmektedir.(TMMOB., 7, 12).<\/p>\n

Devlet; y\u00f6netilenlere ya\u015fama ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama haklar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak zorundad\u0131r. (Anayasa, madde: 56). Devlet, d\u00fczenli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kentle\u015fmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve kamu d\u00fczenini sa\u011flamakla da g\u00f6revlidir. (Anayasa, madde: 23). Bu nedenlerle riskli binalara g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme gibi tedbirleri \u00f6ncelikle ald\u0131rtmak gerekmektedir. Nitekim idar\u00ee yarg\u0131 mercileri (\u00f6rne\u011fin: Dan\u0131\u015ftay 2009) \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7lendirilebilecek\u201d olan binalar\u0131n \u201cy\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lma kararlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 iptal edebilmektedirler. Di\u011fer taraftan:<\/p>\n

YKB\u2019nin zemin ve proje uyumlu\u011fu olan binalara verilece\u011fi \u00c7B\u015e ve YKBUE gibi metinlerde yer almaktad\u0131r. YKBUE\u2019den, kat m\u00fclkiyetine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme engel te\u015fkil etmeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, YKBUE 6\/5 maddesi, 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun (ARADK) Ek 1. inci maddesine at\u0131f yapmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, \u00c7B\u015e ve YKBUE, kanunun alt\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenleyici metinlerdir. Halbuki, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u201cancak\u201d \u201ckanun\u201dla olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu gereklilik Anayasa madde. 13 ve 35. maddelerinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130K\u2019da:<\/h4>\n

1-) YKB\u2019nin kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme kadar ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (ge\u00e7ici madde: 16\/10).<\/p>\n

2-) Riskli binalara uygulanacak kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir prosed\u00fcr \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna onay verilen riskli binalara ge\u00e7ici elektrik su ve do\u011fal gaz ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na izin verilmektedir. (Ge\u00e7ici madde: 15).<\/p>\n

Bu yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler riskli binalara YKB vermemek konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k yeterli\u011fe sahip de\u011fildirler. Bu hususta a\u00e7\u0131k bir yasal d\u00fczenleme, isabetli olacakt\u0131r: Bu d\u00fczenleme, mesel\u00e2; \u201criski giderilmeyen binalara YKB verilemez, gerekli yasal i\u015flemler yap\u0131l\u0131r\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde olabilir.<\/p>\n

3.2. \u201cE\u015fitlik\u201d ve \u201cHukuk G\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d \u0130lkeleri Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/h4>\n

1-) YKB i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru, elektrik, su ve havagaz\u0131 hizmetlerinden ge\u00e7ici yararlanmak i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (\u0130K, ge\u00e7ici madde: 16\/3). H\u00e2lbuki daha \u201cevvel\u201dden in\u015fa edilen, \u00f6rne\u011fin kullan\u0131lmakta olan kat irtifakl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, bu imk\u00e2nlardan zaten faydalanabilmektedirler. YKB\u2019yi alm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131larla, YKB i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru yapabilecek yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, mahiyet olarak, ayn\u0131d\u0131rlar. Ayn\u0131 mahiyetteki bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 i\u015flemlere tabi tutulmalar\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 oabilectir. \u00a0Bunun yolu da kanaatimizce YKB i\u015flemlerini yapmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131n bu i\u015flemlerinin; Devlet taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mektedir. B\u00f6ylece, ba\u015fvuru yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan e\u015fitlik ilkesini zedelemi\u015f olabilecek \u00a0imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki binalarda YKB alm\u0131\u015f ve ayn\u0131 mahiyetteki t\u00fcm binalar aras\u0131nda yeknesakl\u0131k sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2-) YKBUE 6\/5 maddesi\u2019nin at\u0131f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0ARADK\u2019n\u0131n ek 1 inci maddesinden, k\u0131saca:<\/p>\n

Ruhsats\u0131z ya da imar mevzuat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 ama sa\u011flam bir k\u0131s\u0131m sa\u011flam yap\u0131lar\u0131n da \u201ckentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu madde, sanki, riskli alanlarda uygulama b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in sa\u011flam yap\u0131lar\u0131n da kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nabilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmaktad\u0131r (\u00d6ng\u00f6ren,29,30). Halbuki ARADK\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131, afet riski alt\u0131ndaki alanlar ile bu alanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu arsa ve arazilerde, \u2026 iyile\u015ftirme, tasfiye ve yenilemedir.\u201d (AyM 2014).\u00a0ARADK\u2019ya g\u00f6re (madde: 2); \u201criskli bina\u201d, y\u0131k\u0131lma, a\u011f\u0131r hasar riski ta\u015f\u0131yan ya da ekonomik \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlayan binalard\u0131r. (\u00c7\u0131nar,198). ARADK\u2019n\u0131n konusu da; \u201c\u00dclke ve kent \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin(de) deprem (yer sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131), yang\u0131n, su bask\u0131n\u0131, (gibi) afet tehlikesi alt\u0131nda bulunan riskli alan ve riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir.\u201d (\u00d6ng\u00f6ren,27). Nitekim AyM(2014), baz\u0131 alanlar\u0131n risk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc aranmadan, Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 ilan edilmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fc iptal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Karar, bir anlamda, ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ile kamu yarar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengenin kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/h4>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan yeni yasal d\u00fczenlemeyle, ruhsats\u0131z ya da ruhsat eklerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 binalar\u0131n YKB alabilece\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda: \u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yararlanmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131; yararlananlarla ayn\u0131 mahiyette ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kta olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6rne\u011fin YKB ba\u015fvurusu yapmad\u0131lar diye kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme tabi tutmak, e\u015fitli\u011fe, adalet ve hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilecektir. Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 5. maddesi adalet ve hakkaniyeti, 10. maddesi ise e\u015fitli\u011fi garanti alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. AyM de (2014), idareye tan\u0131nan takdir yetkisini bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131 ve hakkaniyet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu sebeplerle: ARADK\u2019n\u0131n risk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri kapsam\u0131na girmeyen binalar\u0131n, s\u0131rf YKB almad\u0131lar diye kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmalar\u0131, adalet ve hakkaniyetle uyumlu olmaz. -Kullan\u0131lmakta olan kat irtifakl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 YKB almad\u0131lar diye\u00a0 ARADK\u2019\u0131n ek 1. maddesi kapsam\u0131na sokmak ise, zaten s\u00f6z konusu olamaz.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu hususlar e\u015fitlik, adalet ve hakkaniyet kadar hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle de ilgilidir. \u201cBireyin insan olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan hukuk devletinde vatanda\u015flar\u0131n hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 (da) zorunludur.\u201d (Dan\u0131\u015ftay 2013).<\/p>\n

Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, y\u00f6netilenlerin bu t\u00fcr \u201cyasal risk\u201dlerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 da gerektirir. Zira hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, hukuk hukukun bireyleri koruyaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir garantiye ve devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na i\u015faret eder (Derdiman, 2015a:324). Bu t\u00fcr ar\u0131nd\u0131rma, \u201cendi\u015fesiz ya\u015fama hakk\u0131\u201dn\u0131n da bir gere\u011fi olacakt\u0131r. (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Derdiman, 2013:67).<\/p>\n

Anlat\u0131lan olumsuzluklara meydan vermemek ve ayn\u0131 mahiyetteki t\u00fcm binalar\u0131n yeknesakl\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in de bizce; kullan\u0131lmakta olan kat irtifakl\u0131lar da dahil, YKB i\u015flemlerini yapmam\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm binalar\u0131n, bu i\u015flemleri otomatik olarak Devlet eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da da de\u011finilece\u011fi \u00fczere, YKB, tapu almak i\u00e7in de gerekli dayanak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.3. Ba\u015fvuru ve \u0130\u015flemleri Yapma Yetkisi Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/h4>\n

3.3.1. Genel Olarak Mevzuat H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/h4>\n

YKB i\u00e7in, yap\u0131 maliklerinden herhangi birisi veya \u201cvekil\u201di taraf\u0131ndan, E- Devlet arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla veya bizzat m\u00fcracaat edilebilir (YKBUE, madde: 4\/2). Toplu yap\u0131larda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden ba\u015fka toplu kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 da mevcuttur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, toplu yap\u0131larda her bir kat malikinin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u015fvurusu hukuken varm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de; bu pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplu yap\u0131larda y\u00f6neticilere 634 say\u0131l\u0131 Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Kanunundaki (KMK\u2019daki) \u201cyasal temsil\u201din, YKB i\u015flemlerini yapma yetkisi verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir: KMK\u2019ya g\u00f6re y\u00f6neticiler {ya da y\u00f6netici olarak k\u0131saltabilece\u011fimiz y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 (madde: 34)} kat maliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cvekil\u201d gibi sorumludurlar. Bunlar kaide olarak da vekilin haklar\u0131na sahiptirler (madde:38\/son ve 40\/1).<\/p>\n

KMK, \u201cruhsats\u0131z yap\u0131lar\u201dda kat malikleri ve temsilciler kurullar\u0131yla, bunlar olu\u015fana kadar bir \u201cge\u00e7ici y\u00f6netim\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (m. 66, 69, 73). KMK\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u201cge\u00e7ici y\u00f6netim\u201d de yetkili kurullar olu\u015fana kadar i\u015fleri takip etmek i\u00e7indir. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla:<\/p>\n

1-) KMK\u2019da yer alan b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmler, toplu yap\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda da aynen veya k\u0131yas yoluyla tatbik edilir.\u201d (KMK, madde: 74). Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla duruma g\u00f6re y\u00f6netim kat m\u00fclkiyeti kurulan yap\u0131lardaki y\u00f6neticilerin temsil yetkisini haiz olabileceklerdir.<\/p>\n

2-) Yaln\u0131z KMK\u2019n\u0131n 66. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cbelli bir onayl\u0131 yerle\u015fim pl\u00e2n\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm(mam\u0131\u015f)\u201d \u015fekildeki ruhsats\u0131z yap\u0131larda y\u00f6netim \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemedi\u011finden, yasal temsil yetkisi de s\u00f6z konusu olamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3-) (Yap\u0131 ruhsatl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan) kat irtifak\u0131 kurulmu\u015f yap\u0131lardaki y\u00f6neticiler, yasal temsil ve vekillik yetkilerini haizdirler. (madde: 17\/2 ve 17\/3)..<\/p>\n

Toplu yap\u0131larda malikler ile yetkilendirilecek vekil aras\u0131ndaki vek\u00e2let ili\u015fkisi hukukumuzda kabul edilen (Eren,427.) temsil teorisine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada: \u201cVekil, vek\u00e2let verenin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya veya dolayl\u0131 temsilcisi olarak hareket eder\u201d (Aral-Ayranc\u0131,409).<\/p>\n

\u201cTemsilcinin kendi iradesiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk\u00ee muamelenin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve neticeleri temsil olunana ait(tir. Bu,) kanun\u00ee temsilde kanun ve akdi temsilde temsil olunan taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcmessile bah\u015fedilmi\u015f bulunan temsil yetkisine istinat eder.\u201d (Esener,9).<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla; KMK\u2019n\u0131n yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, malikler ad\u0131na hareket edilmesine imk\u00e2n verecek temsil yetkisi kanun\u00eedir. Kanun\u00ee temsilde temsil ili\u015fkisi kanundan do\u011far ve kanuna dayan\u0131r(Eren,431).<\/p>\n

3.3.2. Yetki Konusunda Olu\u015fabilecek Teredd\u00fctler<\/h4>\n

1-) \u0130K\u2019n\u0131n \u201cvekil\u201din de yetkili oldu\u011funu belirten yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerine yetki verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla belilenmi\u015f de\u011fildir. \u201cVekil\u201din YKB ba\u015fvurusu yapabilece\u011fini, \u201ckanun\u201dun a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fc de\u011fil; YKBUE belirtmektedir. YKB i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurunun da nihayetinde KMK\u2019n\u0131n 22\/1. maddesindeki \u201cruhsat almak\u201d anlam\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir yorum olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u015eu hale g\u00f6re toplu yap\u0131larda:<\/p>\n

1a-) \u201cY\u00f6netici\u201dlerin, \u201cvekil\u201d olarak; imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerini otomatik olarak yapabileceklerinin;<\/p>\n

1b-) Bu i\u015flemler i\u00e7in kat maliklerince ayr\u0131ca vekil yetkisi verilmesinin gerekmedi\u011finin;<\/p>\n

KMK\u2019da yer al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her zaman tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir. Zira:<\/p>\n

\u201cY\u00f6neticinin temsil yetkisi (KMK) ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1978). -Toplu yap\u0131larda- y\u00f6netici, KMK\u2019n\u0131n 35. maddesinde say\u0131lmayan konularda do\u011fal yetki kullanamamaktad\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay2002).<\/p>\n

35. maddedeki \u201cg\u00f6revler ana gayrimenkulun y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili(dir. Ve) y\u00f6netimin gerektirdi\u011fi ortak giderleri yapmak yetkisini de i\u00e7ermektedir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay2013). \u201c\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurusu\u201d y\u00f6neticinin y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi g\u00f6revler\u201di i\u00e7inde yer almamaktad\u0131r. \u201cTemsil yetkisinin s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde y\u00f6neticinin taraf ehliyeti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 {(s\u00f6ylenmelidir)\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay2006)}.<\/p>\n

Ems\u00e2l bir karar: \u201ckat malikleri kurulu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6neticiye \u2018kambiyo taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulunma yetkisi verildi\u011fi ispat edilmedik\u00e7e\u2019 bonodan dolay\u0131 y\u00f6neticili\u011fin sorumlu olamayaca(\u011f\u0131n\u0131)\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 2006) belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3.3.3. Teredd\u00fctleri Giderici \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm ve \u00d6nerimiz<\/h4>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurusu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da yer alan teredd\u00fctleri giderebilmek i\u00e7in kanaatimce:<\/p>\n

Kat maliklerinin \u201cy\u00f6netici\u201d g\u00f6revlerini ifa edeni veya bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 vekil tayin etmeleri daha uygun olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ruhsats\u0131z veya KMK\u2019n\u0131n 66, 69 ve 73. maddeleri kapsam\u0131ndaki di\u011fer yap\u0131larda; kat maliklerince bu yetkilendirme daha \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r\u00a0 (benzer y\u00f6nde: \u00c7B\u015e 2018).<\/p>\n

Fakat maliklerin toplananamas\u0131 halinde imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede kalamaz; kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple, e\u011fer yukard\u0131a \u00f6nerdi\u011fimiz, \u201ci\u015flemlerin Devlet taraf\u0131ndan otomatik takibi\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fi kabul g\u00f6rmeyecekse; mevzuatta a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in arsa\/yap\u0131 maliklerince:<\/p>\n

1-) Bir \u201cvekil\u201din belirlenmesi gerekti\u011finin;<\/p>\n

2-) Bu belirleme olmam\u0131\u015fsa,\u00a0 y\u00f6netici g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini kullananlar\u0131n g\u00f6revli ve yetkili olacaklar\u0131n\u0131n;<\/p>\n

Kanuna veya di\u011fer metinlere eklenmesi yerinde olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6nerdi\u011fimiz gibi bir yasal bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise hali haz\u0131rdaki duruma g\u00f6re:<\/h4>\n

Y\u00f6neticilerin yukar\u0131da belirtilen \u015fekillerdeki yasal temsil yetkilerinin, imar i\u015flemlerini yapmay\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimali g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak muhtemel bir sorumlulu\u011fu bertaraf etmek y\u00f6netici g\u00f6rev ve yetkisine sahip olanlar, gerekli tedbirleri almal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdan:<\/p>\n

1-) Y\u00f6neticilikle g\u00f6revli ve yetkili olanlar\u0131n, malikleri kurulunu imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcndemi ile toplamalar\u0131 esas se\u00e7enektir. B\u00f6ylece, malikler kurulunda al\u0131nacak karara g\u00f6re hareket edilecektir. Bu toplant\u0131da maliklerden herbirisine d\u00fc\u015fen sorumluluklar ve \u00f6deme\/para miktar\u0131, bunun tahsili usul\u00fc de karara ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2-) Maliklerin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc veya ola\u011fan bir toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fse; i\u015flemleri y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6rev ve yetkisine sahip olanlar yapmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bu durumda; imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek toplu YKB bedelinin, sonradan kat maliklerinden al\u0131nmak \u00fczere, tedariki ve yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bir hayli zor olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bedeli kat maliklerinden sonradan toplaman\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi ihtimali de; bu bedeli toplu yat\u0131rmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya sebep olabilecektir. Y\u00f6neticinin bunlar\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in kat maliklerinin toplanmas\u0131 ve maliklerin karar\u0131na g\u00f6re davranmas\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenli ve isabetli g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

Toplu yap\u0131lardaki ortak kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndaki proje de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gibi konular da maliklerin karar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmelidir. Kat malikleri karar\u0131n\u0131 KMK\u2019n\u0131n 19\/2. maddesindeki 4\/5\u2019lik de\u011fil; i\u015fin t\u0131kanmadan y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in daha az bir \u00e7o\u011funluk almal\u0131d\u0131r. Kanaatimizce; KMK\u2019n\u0131n 30\/1 ve olmazsa 30\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re aranan basit \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu \u00f6neri kabul g\u00f6rmezse, kat malikleri kurulunun salt \u00e7o\u011funlukla ya da \u201coran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ama nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funlukla\u201d karar almas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, toplu yap\u0131larda y\u00fcksek nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funlukla ya da oybirli\u011fi ile karar almak zorla\u015fabilecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; oybirli\u011fin\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011fu hallerde, karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00e7o\u011funluk az(\u0131n)l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. (Derdiman, 2013: 30). Y\u00f6neticinin oybirli\u011fi ile se\u00e7ilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin karar al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n istenemeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131\u00a0 (Yarg\u0131tay 1979) bu zorlu\u011fa dikkat \u00e7eken bir ems\u00e2ldir.<\/p>\n

3.4. Maliyet Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden<\/h4>\n

3.4.1. YKB ve M\u00fcteakiben Tapu Maliyetine \u0130li\u015fkin Olarak<\/h4>\n

Toplu yap\u0131larda imar ba\u015fvurusunda, yukar\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere zorunlu olarak, yap\u0131 maliklerinin karar\u0131 aranacakt\u0131r. Bu karar\u0131n da oybirli\u011fi \u015feklinde olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilecektir. \u00a0Bu zorlu\u011fun en \u00f6nemli nedeni, muhtemelen; \u00a0maliklerden istenecek bedelle ilgilidir. Bedeli def\u2019aten \u00f6deyemeyecek maliklerin imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 aleyhinde olmalar\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada yap\u0131 maliklerinin, proje de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u015flemleri gibi di\u011fer bir dizi i\u015flemler i\u00e7in, ayr\u0131ca bir bedel daha \u00f6demeleri gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

YKBUE (m. 5\/2-a), toplu yap\u0131larda, her bir maliki, bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yat\u0131r\u0131lacak \u201ctoplu bedel\u201dden paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen miktar\u0131 \u00f6demekle zorunlu tutmu\u015ftur. Ancak, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi, ba\u015fvurunun kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen \u201ctoplu bedel\u201dden kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 maliklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rmaya yana\u015fmamas\u0131 halinde sorunlar \u00e7\u0131kabilecektir. -KMK\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinde kap\u0131c\u0131 veya yap\u0131m giderlerine maliklerin kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (Yarg\u0131tay 2013).<\/p>\n

KMK\u2019n\u0131n bu 20. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan giderlerin\u00a0 genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re tahsili kanaatimizce bunu do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r. -Hatta bir Yarg\u0131tay (2013) karar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin; y\u00f6neticinin toplu yap\u0131lara gider olarak verdi\u011fi bonolar\u0131n tahsili i\u00e7in hacizden evvel durumun yap\u0131 maliklerine duyurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmu\u015ftur.-<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6rneklerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, sonu\u00e7ta: \u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131lan \u201ctoplu bedel\u201dden yap\u0131 sakinlerince \u00f6denmeyen paylar\u0131n tahsili genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re olacakt\u0131r ve bu bir hayli zaman alabilecektir.<\/p>\n

2-) YKB belgesi tapu de\u011fildir; tapu yerine de ge\u00e7memektedir. YKB, \u201cyap\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na y\u00f6neliktir\u201d (\u0130K, ge\u00e7ici madde: 16\/3); \u201cyap\u0131y\u0131 kullanabilme izni (YK\u0130)\u201d vermektedir. Bu nedenle, \u00a0\u201cta\u015f\u0131nmaz m\u00fclkiyeti\u201d tapu senedi almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. (bak\u0131n\u0131z: YKBUE, m. 6\/4).<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece hi\u00e7 tapusu olmayan ya da ruhsata ayk\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131lar, YKB ile m\u00fclkiyet tapusu alabilecektir. Buna ili\u015fkin us\u00fbl, genelgede (\u00c7\u015eB 2018) bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tapu senedini alabilmek i\u00e7in de ayr\u0131ca ve hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir masraf yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. -Bunun i\u00e7in maliklerin ye\u015fil alan, yol gibi, imar plan\u0131nda umum\u00ee hizmete ayr\u0131lan alanlar\u0131ndan oybirli\u011fiyle vazge\u00e7meleri de gerekecektir. (\u0130K, ge\u00e7ici madde: 16\/5;\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131, 6, 7).<\/p>\n

3-) Sonu\u00e7ta YKB belgesi ve sonras\u0131nda tapu alabilmek i\u00e7in, toplamda yap\u0131lacak harcamalar daha da y\u00fckselecektir.<\/p>\n

3.4.2. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerimiz<\/h4>\n

1-) \u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki her bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri, yukar\u0131da da de\u011findi\u011fimiz \u00fczere; Devlet \u00fcstlenmelidir. Proje i\u015flemleri ya da de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri gibi di\u011fer bir dizi i\u015flemler de, maliklerin aksine bir karar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, Devlet taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ndeki kararlar, toplu yap\u0131larda, yap\u0131 maliklerinin yukar\u0131da \u00f6nerdi\u011fimiz us\u00fbllerden birisine g\u00f6re belirlenecek \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funca verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

2-) Kamusal bir i\u015flemde denetim, bir kolluk fonksiyonudur. (Bak\u0131n\u0131z: Derdiman, 90; Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, 118). Anayasa Mahkemesi (AyM) bir karar\u0131na g\u00f6re (AyM 1986): \u201cKolluk g\u00f6revi niteli\u011findeki yap\u0131 denetiminin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan yap\u0131 ve kullanma izinlerini verme yetkisi de \u00f6zel ki\u015filere devredilemez.\u201d Doktrinde de milli savunma, g\u00fcvenlik ve kolluk fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, kamu hukuku kurallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilece\u011fi dile getirilmi\u015ftir (Uz, 156). \u015eu halde;<\/p>\n

Devletin hukuk\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsten yararlanmas\u0131 yasal bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dan\u0131\u015ftay (1990) da \u201c\u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015fisine imtiyaz verilebilmesi i\u00e7in kanunu gerekli g\u00f6rm(\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.) (Bu,) devlet taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilecek kamu hizmetlerinin \u00f6zel ki\u015filere devri i\u00e7in, kanunun gereklili\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir.\u201d (Derdiman, 89).<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015filerinin kamusal faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmeleri i\u00e7in yasal bir dayanak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasan\u0131n 47\/2 ve 47\/3. maddesi bu y\u00f6nde anla\u015f\u0131lmaya imkan vermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca; \u201cdenetim\u201dler ve \u201conay\u201dlar \u00f6zel hukuk ki\u015fileri de\u011fil; Devlet makamlar\u0131nca yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple kanaatimizce yap\u0131lar\u0131n zemin ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc denetimini:<\/p>\n

2a-) \u00d6zel harita m\u00fchendislik b\u00fcrolar\u0131na (\u00d6HMB\u2019ye) veya;<\/p>\n

2b-) Lisansl\u0131 Harita Kadastro B\u00fcrolar\u0131na (L\u0130HKAB\u2019a);<\/p>\n

B\u0131rakan uygulama (\u00c7B\u015e, 2018; YKBUE, m. 6\/4-d), Devlet makamlar\u0131na ge\u00e7melidir. Aksi h\u00e2lin Anayasan\u0131n 128. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilece\u011fi iddia edilebilecektir.<\/p>\n

3-) Bizce, i\u015flemlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00fccretlendirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fu alternatifler geli\u015ftirilmelidir:<\/h4>\n

3a-) Bir kere, YKB i\u015flemleri do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir. Bunun \u00fccreti de, yine bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi, Devlet\u00e7e belirlenmeli ve tahsil edilmelidir. Devlet, kendisinden talep edilecek, proje de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi di\u011fer i\u015flemlerin bedellerini de belirlemeli ve tahsil etmelidir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse de g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek i\u015flerin bedelleri belirlenirken \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir: Bu bedeller, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ve yap\u0131 sahiplerini ma\u011fdur etmeyecek dengede olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3b-) YKB i\u00e7in, yapt\u0131r\u0131labilecek proje de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi bir dizi i\u015flemlerin, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse de g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilmelidir. Bu durumda malikler, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse g\u00f6rd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri i\u015flerin bedellerini Devlete de\u011fil, bunlara \u00f6demelidirler.<\/p>\n

3c-)\u00a0 “3a” ve “3b” deki giderlerin muhatab\u0131, toplu yap\u0131larda da olsa,\u00a0 kat maliki olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toplu yap\u0131larda bedel(ler)in toplu tahakkuk ettirilece\u011fi haller olabilir. Bu durumda toplu bedelden her bir malike d\u00fc\u015fen pay e\u015fit b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

4-) \u0130K\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici 16\/2 maddesi, \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131\u201dyla bedeli:<\/p>\n

4a-)Kademeli olarak \u00f6demeye ve\/veya \u00f6deme s\u00fcresini bir y\u0131la kadar uzatmaya;<\/p>\n

4b-) Yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye;<\/p>\n

\u0130mk\u00e2n vermektedir.<\/p>\n

YKB giderlerinin kendisi ve bilhassa proje bedelleriyle birlikte, toplumun baz\u0131 kesimleri i\u00e7in muhtemelen yek\u00fbn olu\u015fturabilecektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6deme zorlu\u011funu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in bedel(ler)in mak\u00fbl \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu durumun; i\u015flemlerini kanuna nizama uyarak daha erken yapanlar aleyhine hakkaniyetsizlik olu\u015fturabilmesi de muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekenlerin YKB bedeli \u00f6deyemeyeceklerinden m\u00fcracaat etmeyi\u015fleri durumu, \u00fccret d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de hakl\u0131 k\u0131labilir. Sonu\u00e7ta bedeli, durum \u00e7e\u015fitli alternatiflere g\u00f6re\u00a0 takdir edilerek gerekirse mak\u00fbl \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 karar\u0131\u201dyla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada; \u00a0Devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmesi halinde proje veya di\u011fer bir dizi i\u015flemlerin bedelleri de ayr\u0131ca mevzuatla belirlenmelidir.\u00a0 Ama her halde:<\/p>\n

Maliklere d\u00fc\u015fen yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan \u201cbedelin\u201d\/\u201ctoplam bedellerin\u201d, duruma g\u00f6re mak\u00fbl s\u00fcreye yay\u0131lacak \u015fekilde, taksitlendirilmesi san\u0131r\u0131z yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 Yerine<\/em><\/h3>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin \u2013maliklerin aksine karar\u0131 yoksa proje veya di\u011fer bir dizi i\u015flemler de dahil- t\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131 malikleri ad\u0131na, Devlet taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, YKB i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok a\u015famay\u0131 katetmeyi gerektiren prosed\u00fcrler de kanaatimce daha kolay i\u015fleyecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu do\u011frultuda toplu yap\u0131larda:<\/p>\n

1-) KMK\u2019n\u0131n ilgili (17,34,66,69,73.) maddelerde belirtilen \u201cy\u00f6netici\u201d g\u00f6rev ve yetkisini kullananlar\u0131n:<\/p>\n

1a-) Malikler kurulunu, \u201cimar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerinde yetkilendirme ve bedelin tahsili\u201d g\u00fcndemi ile toplamalar\u0131 ve verilecek karara g\u00f6re hareket edilmesi;<\/p>\n

1b-) Malikler kurulunu toplamalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmazsa, t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri kendilerinin takip etmeleri;<\/p>\n

1c-) Gerekli kararlar\u0131n kat malikleri kurulunda -yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen usullerden belirlenecek birisine g\u00f6re- oy\u00e7oklu\u011fu ile al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

San\u0131r\u0131z yerinde olacakt\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu se\u00e7eneklerin i\u015fletilmesi, KMK\u2019n\u0131n yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde de\u011finilen y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini kullananlar\u0131 muhtemel bir sorumluluktan muaf hale getirecektir.<\/p>\n

2-) YKB ve Devlet eliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilen proje ve di\u011fer bir dizi i\u015fler i\u00e7in toplam bedelin Devlet taraf\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n

2a-) Birlikte al\u0131nacak \u015fekilde toplam olarak belirlenmesi ve tahsili;<\/p>\n

2b-) Proje de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi i\u015flemlerin maliklerce \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ise, sadece YKB bedelinin tahsili;<\/p>\n

Uygun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3-) Yine Devlet taraf\u0131ndan;<\/p>\n

3a-) Sadece YKB bedelinin ya da di\u011fer i\u015flerle birlikte belirlenecek toplam bedelin;<\/p>\n

3b-) Do\u011frudan maliklerinden, belli bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda taksitlerle al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

Nazara al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin Devlet taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tamamlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilerimiz kabul g\u00f6rmeyecek olabilir. Bu durumda imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in t\u00fcm yasal gerek ve us\u00fbllerin:<\/p>\n

1-) M\u00fcstakil yap\u0131larda maliklerce;<\/p>\n

2-) Ruhsats\u0131z ya da isk\u00e2na fiilen a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen, kat irtifak\u0131 devam eden t\u00fcm toplu yap\u0131lar\u0131n da, maliklerce ayr\u0131 bir yetkilendirme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, y\u00f6neticilikle g\u00f6revli ve yetkili olanlarca;<\/p>\n

Yerine getirilmeleri, mevzuatla zorunlu hale getirilmelidir. Burada, hen\u00fcz y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi kullananlar\u0131 belirlememi\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda ise; imar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerini de yapabilmek i\u00e7in, kat malikleri karar\u0131yla, birisine y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi verilmesi zorunlu tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h3>\n

Aral, Fahrettin-Ayranc\u0131, Hasan (2014). Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkileri,<\/em> 10. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

AyM (2014). Anayasa Mahkemesinin 27.2.2014 tarihli ve esas: 2012\/87 Karar: 2014\/41 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131nar, Halil Burak (2018), \u201cKentsel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde Riskli Yap\u0131 Kavram\u0131 ve Riskli Yap\u0131n\u0131n Unsurlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Barosu Dergisi, <\/em>Cilt: 92, Say\u0131: 6, Y\u0131l: 2018, ss: 196-201.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u015eB (2018). \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tapu ve Kadastro Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kadastro Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 06.\/07\/2018 tarihli ve 32381507-010.99\/\/9S6942\u00a0\u00a0 (2018\/8) say\u0131l\u0131 Genelgesi<\/p>\n

Dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Elvin Evrim (2013), \u201c\u0130darenin Denetim Yetkisinin \u00d6zel Ki\u015filere Devrine Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d, <\/em>Ankara Barosu Dergisi<\/em>, say\u0131: 2 y\u0131l: 2013, ss: 105-123.<\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay (1990). Dan\u0131\u015ftay 1. Dairesinin 28.06.1990 tarihli ve\u00a0 esas: 1990\/94, karar: 1990\/109 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Derdiman 2015: 89.<\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay (2009). Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesinin 14.01.2009 g\u00fcn 2008\/7565 Esas 2009\/277 K say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131, nakleden: Pakel, Nafi (2018). \u201c6306 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa Riskli Yap\u0131 Uygulamas\u0131 (III)\u201d \u0130stanbul Barosu Dergisi, <\/em>Cilt: 92, Say\u0131: 6, Y\u0131l: 2018,ss: 228-248, s. 229<\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay (2013). Dan\u0131\u015ftay Ond\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Dairesinin 07.02.2013 tarihli ve Esas No: 2012\/4891, Karar No: 2013\/697 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n

Derdiman R. Cengiz (2013). Anayasa Hukuku,<\/em> 3. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa<\/p>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (2015). \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa.<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

Derdiman, R. Cengiz (2015a). Hukuk Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131,<\/em> G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa.<\/p>\n

Eren, Fikret (2012). 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna G\u00f6re Haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler,<\/em> 14. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Esener, Turhan (1961). Mukayeseli <\/em>Hukuk Ve Hususiyle T\u00fcrk-\u0130svi\u00e7re Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Salahiyete M\u00fcstenit Temsil,<\/em> \u00a0Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fclte Yay\u0131n\u0131<\/a>, no: 150,\u00a0Ankara<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 (2018), \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, http:\/\/webdosya.csb.gov.tr\/db\/imarbarisi\/icerikler\/brosur-201806031 11057.pdf<\/a>, (03.01.2019)<\/p>\n

KUY (2012). 15.12.2012 tarihli ve 28498 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede Yay\u0131nlanan \u201c6306 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6ng\u00f6ren, G\u00fcrsel (2016). Kentsel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Hukuku, <\/em>\u00d6ng\u00f6ren Hukuk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131Yay\u0131n No: 5, www.kentseldonusumvehukuk.com<\/a>,<\/span> \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

TMMOB\u00a0 (2018). Sermaye \u0130le Yap\u0131lan Bar\u0131\u015f: \u0130mar Aff\u0131 Tmmob \u0130mar Aff\u0131 Raporu, https:\/\/www.tmmob.org.tr\/sites\/default\/ files\/tmmob_imar_affi_raporu_2018.pdf<\/a>,<\/span> (03.01.2018)<\/p>\n

Uz, Abdullah (2011). Kamu Hizmetlerinin \u00d6zel Ki\u015filere G\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Devri Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasal S\u0131n\u0131rlar, Adalet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (1978). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 25.11.1978 tarihli ve esas: 1976\/10-3536 karar: 1978\/22 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Yal\u00e7\u0131n, Ayhan(2012), Apartman Y\u00f6neticisinin El Kitab\u0131, 28. Bask\u0131, T\u00fcrkmen Kitabevi Yay\u0131n\u0131,\u0130stanbul, s. 183.<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (1979). Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk Dairesinin 26.02.1979 tarihli ve esas: 1978\/1529\u00a0\u00a0 karar: 1979\/16, nakleden: Yal\u00e7\u0131n, 181.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2002). Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesinin 27.5.2002 Esas: 2002\/10382 Karar: 2002\/11132 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2006). Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 08.11.2006 tarihli ve Esas: 2006\/12-682,\u00a0 Karar: 2006\/682 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay (2013). Yarg\u0131tay 12. Hukuk Dairesinin 04.11.2013 tarihli ve Esas No: 2013\/27147 \u00a0\u00a0Karar No: 2013\/34632 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n

YKBUE (2018). 06.06.2018 tarihli ve 30443 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede Yay\u0131mlanan Yap\u0131 Kay\u0131t Belgesi Verilmesine \u0130li\u015fkin Us\u00fbl ve Esaslar.<\/p>\n

\n

Dikkat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 :<\/em><\/h4>\n

1-)\u00a0 Bu makalenin, yasalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7, r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta <\/em>Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/em><\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/em><\/p>\n

R. Cengiz Derdiman,<\/em> \u201c<\/em>\u2018\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 De\u011ferlendirmeleri\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka:<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/em>R. Cengiz Derdiman,<\/em> \u201c<\/em>\u2018\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 De\u011ferlendirmeleri\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Kapsam\u0131 \u00a0 Bu yaz\u0131, \u201cimar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u201dna ili\u015fkin sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerine ili\u015fkin \u201ckanaatlerimizi\u201d i\u00e7ermektedir. Yaz\u0131da, 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanununun (\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n) ge\u00e7ici 16 maddesine ve di\u011fer alt d\u00fczenleyici metinlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131, tek malikli, -\u201ctoplu yap\u0131lar\u201d diye k\u0131saltt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z (KMK\u2019n\u0131n 66. maddesindeki ve \u00f6rne\u011fin irtifak hakk\u0131 devan etti\u011finden hen\u00fcz yap\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 De\u011ferlendirmeleri | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m %<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131; yararlanabilme usul ve \u015fartlar\u0131 al\u0131nacak yap\u0131 kullan\u0131m belgesinin ve tapu kayd\u0131 almaya etkisi s\u00f6zkonusu edilmektedir\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/imar-barisi-degerlendirmeleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130mar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 De\u011ferlendirmeleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130mar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131; 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