\n
Bu makale, ecrimisil hakk\u0131nda bilimsel i\u00e7erikli ansiklopedik bilgi vermektedir. Ecrimisil hakk\u0131nda\u00a0 kapsaml\u0131 izahat, sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda k\u0131saca tan\u0131mlanarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131sa bilgi i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bakman\u0131n yeterli olabilece\u011fini sanmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Ecrmisil bir mal\u0131n kullanma menfaati i\u00e7in takdir edilen para \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131labilmektedir.[19:193]. S\u00f6zl\u00fcklerde bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen \u00fccret\u201d[25:285;7:777] anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ecrimisil \u201cecir\u201d ve \u201cmisil\u201d kelimelerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201cEcir\u201d, bir i\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verilen \u015fey [25:285] ya da para[25: 285;3:799;7:319] \u201cmisil\u201d de e\u015f benzer, m\u00fcmasil, miktar, hacim, kat[25:804;7:319] anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.[1]<\/a> Bu anlamdan hareketle, ecir, yap\u0131lan i\u015f kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak elde edilmesi gereken m\u00fckafaat (kazan\u00e7) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n \u00d6nceki hukuk sisteminde ecrimisil, \u201chaks\u0131z i\u015fgal\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmesi gereken \u201cbir t\u00fcr kira bedeli\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr [17:131].[2]<\/a> Bedelin tespitinde de \u201cemsal mal k\u0131ymeti kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[22:6;12:2]. Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Kurulu(Y\u0130BK) \u00f6nceleri bu y\u00f6nde karar vermi\u015ftir[30]. Fakat sonraki kararlar\u0131nda[31;21:81] ecrimisili, \u201chaks\u0131z fiil tazminat\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Doktrinde de ecrimisil; haks\u0131z fiil ya da haks\u0131z zenginle\u015fmeye dayand\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Doktrindeki \u00e7o\u011funluk ve 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131, sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmenin ecrimisilde s\u00f6z konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131[10:49;Aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f.23:288vd] fikrindedirler. Sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme hakl\u0131 bir sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya eme\u011finden zenginle\u015fme olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[8:840]. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bir kimsenin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, di\u011fer bir kimesinin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, hakl\u0131 sebep olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kayma olmas\u0131 laz\u0131mgelmektedir.[16:201]. G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki; sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmede mal\u0131n somut varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kaymas\u0131 esas al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte doktrinde ecrimisilde sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fikir de; mal asl\u00ee zilyedin elinde olsayd\u0131 bir kazan\u0131m elde edilmeyece\u011fi ihtimaline dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu bir kazan\u0131p elde edilip edilmeyece\u011finin belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hal, konuyu sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmeden \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131 da sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmenin ortada bir i\u015flem\u015fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015ftu\u011fu; ama ecrimisilde b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flemin s\u00f6z konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.[35]. Haks\u0131z fiil hukuk d\u00fczenini ihlal eden davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[14:470]; hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiildir. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k da hukuk d\u00fczenin cevaz vermedi\u011fi yani yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[16:114]. \u00a0Sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmede de haks\u0131z fiilde de haks\u0131zl\u0131k; hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r. Fakat haks\u0131z fiilden dolay\u0131 sebepsiz(=haks\u0131z) zenginle\u015fme borcun sebeplerinden biri olan \u201csebepsiz zenginle\u015fme\u201dden ayr\u0131l\u0131r. \u00a0\u0130\u015fte ecrimisilin kayna\u011f\u0131, yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlere uyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde sebepsiz zenginle\u015fmeye dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktan ziyade; haks\u0131z fiil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisili, kayna\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131z fiil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnce, sadece kiraya emsal bedel olarak g\u00f6rmek yeterli de\u011fildir. Doktrinde ve 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun (TMK\u2019n\u0131n) 995. maddesinden hareketle; ecrimisil, bundan daha kapsaml\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u015eu halde ecrimisili; kiraya verilebilecek mallardan, t\u00fcm haks\u0131z yararlanma hallerinin kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr [24:12;17:133;9:104].<\/p>\n Ecrimisil, kullan\u0131labilecek, i\u015fgal edilebilecek bir e\u015fya i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Bu sebeple ecrimisil, \u201ckullan\u0131mla ilgili olan\u201d \u201ckira\u201d\u00a0 ile ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir. Ecrimisil istenecek mal\/e\u015fya kullan\u0131ma, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kiralamaya elveri\u015fli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cElveri\u015fsizlik\u201d, gelir getirmede imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k diye anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kiraya vermeye ya da kulland\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli olmayan mallardan, zilyedli\u011fi gaspeden k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli de olsa, tazminat istenemez[17:134.Aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f:20:434].<\/p>\n Ecrimisile konu bir mal\u0131n sahibi taraf\u0131ndan kiraya verilmek istenilip istenilmemesinin, bunun bilinmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, \u00f6nemi yoktur.[Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z: 26:217]. Kiraya vermemek niyetinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortada olmas\u0131 ya da \u00f6\u011frenilmesi, \u201celvri\u015flili\u011fi\u201d kald\u0131r\u0131r. Ecrimisilin di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131rsa; bir maldan gelir elde edilmesi, elveri\u015flili\u011fi s\u00fcbuta erdirici durum ve delildir.<\/p>\n TMK\u2019n\u0131n ecrimisilin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden 995. maddesinin[34] ruhu, \u201cyararlanman\u0131n tazmini\u201dni gerektimektedir. [24:119]. Bu nedenle, haks\u0131z \u201ckullan\u0131lan\u201d ya da \u201ci\u015fgal edilen\u201d \u201celveri\u015fli yerler\u201d ecrimisile konu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cEcrimisil, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle haks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131; malikin, malik olmayan \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli zilyet\u201dten isteyebilece\u011fi bir tazminat\u201dt\u0131r.[36][3]<\/a> TMK\u2019n\u0131n 933. maddesinden iyiniyetli zilyedin kullan\u0131mdan sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Emsal yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli i\u015fgal, ecrimisilin kurucu \u015fartlar\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[\u00f6rne\u011fin: 28; 34].[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Ecrimisil, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi; bir mal\u0131 \u201chaks\u0131z i\u015fgal tazminat\u0131\u201d ya da \u201chaks\u0131z kullan\u0131m tazminat\u0131\u201d[9:102.] anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ecrimisilde, kullan\u0131lan ya da i\u015fgal edilen mal ile ilgili, hukuki hi\u00e7bir dayanak yoktur ya da dayanaklara hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelmi\u015flerdir. Bu kapsamda:<\/p>\n 1-) Bir mal\u0131, bir kimsenin kira i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015filmeden i\u015fgal etmesi ya da;<\/p>\n 2-) Mal\u0131 kullan\u0131m ya da kira i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fen ki\u015finin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresi bittikten sonra kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmesi;<\/p>\n Ecrimisil gerektirebilir. Ecrimisil i\u00e7in, mal sahibinin ya da as\u0131l zilyedinin; zilyetli\u011fi gaspedenin haks\u0131z i\u015fgal ya da kullan\u0131m\u0131na r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekir.[11:166]. Aksi takdirde ecrimisil talebi dayanaks\u0131z kal\u0131r[ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde:38]. As\u0131l zilyedin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iradesiyle ortaya koymas\u0131 yerindedir. B\u00f6yle bir niyeti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortada olan ki\u015filerin semere isteyemeyece\u011fi emsal kararlarda dile getilmi\u015ftir.[32]. Haks\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp bunu men edici tav\u0131rda olmayan malikin, durumu z\u0131mnen kabullenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu iddia edilebilir.[5]<\/a> Bu durum hukuki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclse de ecrimisilde tazmin edilen haks\u0131z kullan\u0131m tutar\u0131, \u201cmalvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d; malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u201cm\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131\u201d kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu sebeple ki\u015finin k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli zilyedi kullan\u0131mdan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a men etmemesi halinde elde edilecek tutar kadar malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mek anlam\u0131na gelir. Halbuki Anayasan\u0131n:<\/p>\n 1-) 35. maddesinde m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan bu \u015fekilde vazge\u00e7meyi hukuki sayan bir s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma yoktur.<\/p>\n 2-)12\/1. maddesinde ki\u015filerin temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerinden vazge\u00e7emeyecekleri ve feragat edemeyecekleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vazge\u00e7meyi bile yasaklarken, a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f bir irade halinden m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 irade beyan\u0131 sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n Ecrimisilin, muaccel hale gelmesine ra\u011fmen temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fen bir bor\u00e7 \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve muhtemeldir. \u201cTemerr\u00fct; borcu, gere\u011fi gibi \u00eef\u00e2 etmemekte direnmek halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[5:406]. Temerr\u00fct, muaccel hale gelen borcun \u00f6denmemesinde, direnme hali ve s\u00fcrecidir. Bu hal ve s\u00fcre\u00e7, bor\u00e7lunun temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131yla anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ecrimisil, haks\u0131z bir i\u015flem ya da fiil sebebiyle olu\u015fan zarar\u0131n tazmini i\u00e7eri\u011findedir.[6]<\/a> Ecrimisilde, \u201columlu zarar ile malik ya da zilyedin yoksun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fayda (olumsuz zarar), ecrimisilin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 belirler.\u201d[36].<\/p>\n Ecrimisil \u00f6zg\u00fcn maddi bir tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011fundan, ecrimisilin kapsam\u0131na giren konularda ayr\u0131ca bir maddi tazminat s\u00f6z konusu olmaz.<\/p>\n Haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan kimsenin maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n\u0131 tazmin ederken; onu, zilyedili\u011fi gaspedene kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z zenginle\u015fen seviyesine de \u00e7\u0131karmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisil, bor\u00e7lu \u00f6demekte temerr\u00fct g\u00f6sterirse, cebri icrausul\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6ren hukuki yolla tahsil olunabilir. Ancak m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin icra takipleri mahkeme karar\u0131 olmadan yap\u0131lamaz. Bu konuda il\u00e2ml\u0131 icra yolundan ba\u015fka icra yolu s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisil, kiralanmaya elveri\u015fli olan bir e\u015fyaya\/mala iyi niyetli olmayan bir \u015fah\u0131s taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z el at\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda el at\u0131lan mal\/e\u015fya sahibine \u00f6denmesi gereken tutarlard\u0131r. Ecrimisilin konusu, k\u00f6t\u00fcniyetli zilyedin haks\u0131z i\u015fgal ile\u00a0 elde etti\u011fi veya elde etmeyi ihmal eyledi\u011fi semerelerden(kazan\u0131mlardan) olu\u015fur.[21: 83; 17: 133; 2:263-265]. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir ifadeyle kapsama; mal\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda do\u011fan eskimeler, kullan\u0131mdan (.olumlu zararlar) ve as\u0131l zilyedin elde edebilece\u011fi gelirlerden yoksunluklar girmektedir. [9:102;39;34;28]. Maldan as\u0131l zilyedin\/hak sahibinin, elde edemeyece\u011fi gelirler ve k\u00e2rlar da ecrimisil kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n Ecrimisilde t\u00fcm kazan\u0131mlar, as\u0131l m\u00fclk sahibinin zilyetli\u011finin gaspedildi\u011fi zaman i\u00e7indeki kazan\u0131mlard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan semerelerini de, ecrimisil kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendimek gerekir. Doktrinde ecrimisilin sadece emsal kira bedeli \u00fczerinden hesaplanmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc [20:432 nakleden:10:40] mevcuttur. Haks\u0131z m\u00fcdahale edilen yerin getirdi\u011fi, kira emsali d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki gelirlerin as\u0131l zilyede verilmemesi:<\/p>\n 1-) Hem \u201cvek\u00e2letsiz i\u015f g\u00f6rme\u201d;<\/p>\n 2-)Hem de \u201chaks\u0131z fiilden dolay\u0131 sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme\u201d;<\/p>\n \u0130lkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada esas olan, zilyedli\u011fi gaspedilenin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm zararlar\u0131n tazminidir. [Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z:10:45].<\/p>\n Bu zarar\u0131n giderilmesinde; haks\u0131z kullan\u0131lan mal i\u00e7in kira emsali tutar ya da bu mal\u0131n getirece\u011fi has\u0131lat se\u00e7eneklerinden birinin talep edilebilece\u011fi gibi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f mevcuttur.[20:429,430,nak.10:44]. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, her\u015feyden evvel denkle\u015ftirici adalet ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ilke, bir ki\u015finin kendi mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hukukusuz olarak art\u0131rmas\u0131 halinde; \u201celde etti\u011fi kazan\u0131m\u0131 geri verme zorun(lulu\u011funu) ve ger\u00e7ek bir eski hale getirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eder.\u201d[42].[8]<\/a> Nitekim yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda ve doktrinde ecrimisilin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 en az\u0131 kira bedeli en fazlas\u0131 tam gelir yoksunlu\u011fu ile \u00e7izilmektedir.[9:102. Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z:35;33].<\/p>\n Haks\u0131z zilyed, haks\u0131z i\u015fgal d\u00f6neminde mal ya da e\u015fya ile ilgili gider ve harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 ecrimisil isteyen kimseden talep edebilir. Bu talebin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 muhatap zilyedli\u011fi gaspedilen \u015fah\u0131s\/el at\u0131lan (=m\u00fcdahale edilen) m\u00fclk sahibidir. Yaln\u0131z, zilyetli\u011fi haks\u0131z gaspeden \u015fah\u0131s;<\/p>\n 1-) L\u00fcks giderleri talep edilemeyece\u011fi[17:135] gibi;<\/p>\n 2-) Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 masraflar\u0131n \u00f6denmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 haks\u0131z zilyede mal\u0131 elinde tutma hakk\u0131 vermez.[17:135].<\/p>\n Ecrimisile, talep halinde;<\/p>\n 1-) Paran\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fen de\u011feri oran\u0131nda uyarlamayla belirlenecek ek mebl\u00e2\u011f;<\/p>\n 2-) Gecikme faizi;<\/p>\n Eklenebilir. Paran\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 mebl\u00e2\u011f\u0131n belirlenmesinde, \u00f6demenin g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f de\u011ferinin tespiti istenebilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay emsal karar\u0131nda denkler\u015ftirici adalet ilkesine dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Emsal karara g\u00f6re, bunun belirlenmesinde bilirki\u015fiden yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[42].<\/p>\n Ecrimisil ile \u201cel atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi (=m\u00fcdahalenin men\u2019i)\u201d aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Bir kimsenin haks\u0131z i\u015fgal etti\u011fi ya da haks\u0131z kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama as\u0131l zilyedine iade de etmek de istemedi\u011fi mal\u0131n; as\u0131l zilyedine iadesi \u201cel atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi (=m\u00fcdahalenin men\u2019i)\u201dusulleriye m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisilde zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi net de\u011fildir; tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ecrimisil i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda, ecrimisilin sebebine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak;<\/p>\n 1-) Haks\u0131z fiil ya da sebepsiz zenginle\u015fme i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerini esas almak;<\/p>\n 2-) Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle TMK\u2019n\u0131n 1. maddesi gere\u011fince zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 haks\u0131z fiile k\u0131yasen hakimin belirlemesi;<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[9:104;17:133].<\/p>\n 1931 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda ecrimisilin, haks\u0131z fiil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve haks\u0131z fiil zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.[29]. 1938 tarihli bir Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda[30]; ecrimsilde 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda[31] ise; ecrimisilin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z fiil oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bundan hareketle, ecrimisilde zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da\u00a0 haks\u0131z fiile g\u00f6re belirlenmesi sonucuna var\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011fal g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hal b\u00f6yleyken, sonraki Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu (YHGK) ya da hukuk daireleri emsal kararlar\u0131nda 1938 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131ndaki[30] 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre benimsenmeye devam olunmu\u015ftur.[\u00f6rme\u011fin.37].<\/p>\n Bir Y\u0130BK kararlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 yarg\u0131 d\u00fczenindeki kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve mahkemeleri ba\u011flar.[5:100]. Y\u0130BK karar\u0131, kanunla ya da sonraki Y\u0130BK karar\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Mahkemeler de bakmakta olduklar\u0131 davalar\u0131 yeni \u00e7\u0131kan Y\u0130BK karar\u0131na g\u00f6re inceler ve karara ba\u011flarlar.[15:652].Eski tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131n\u0131n sonraki Y\u0130BK karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131, \u201c\u00e7at\u0131\u015fan bu kararlardan evvelkinin B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurul, sonrakinin YHGK karar\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d denirse: 1938 ve 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK kararlar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k da olmasa gerektir.<\/p>\n 1950\u2019den sonraki ve bilhassa yak\u0131n zamanlardaki emsal kararlarda[\u00d6rne\u011fin:40;41;44]; s\u00fcrenin 5 y\u0131l olarak benimsenmeye devam olunmas\u0131 \u201casl\u0131nda\u201d hukuk\u00ee de\u011fildir.[Ayn\u0131 kanaat:17:133;bak\u0131n\u0131z:13:13]. \u201cAsl\u0131nda\u201d diyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc: 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcreyi kald\u0131r\u0131r \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k bir zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan bahsedilmemi\u015ftir.[benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f:13:13]. Bu duruma g\u00f6re, 1938 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda[30] a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenen 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131yla[31] kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 da ihtimal dairesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Emsal kararlarda, zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 5 y\u0131l olarak belirlenmesinde, ecrimisil davas\u0131n\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir dava oldu\u011fundan hareket edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[9]<\/a>\u00a0 Ama bu durum, ecrimisil tazminat\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z fiil tazminat\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde; zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131n\u0131n dolayl\u0131 sonucu olarak, haks\u0131z fiile g\u00f6re belirlenmesini i\u015flevsiz k\u0131lamaz. Nitekim 1958 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda[25], 1950 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131n\u0131n ayakta oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Nihayetinde;<\/p>\n Ecrimisil i\u00e7in 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n esas al\u0131nmaya davem olunmas\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 canl\u0131 tutmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu konunun yasal veya yeni bir Y\u0130BK karar\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n Kamu hukukunda ecrimisil, kamu mal\u0131n\u0131 haks\u0131z i\u015fgal eden\/kullanan ki\u015filerin, o yer i\u00e7in verecekleri kira bedeli miktar\u0131 benzeri bedel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k idare de, \u201ckamula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131z el atma\u201d[10]<\/a> gibi hallerde, haks\u0131z i\u015fgal\/kullan\u0131m tazminat\u0131yla bor\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u00a0Bu durumdan kaynaklanan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00f6zel hukuk uygulanarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi; idarenin kamu mal\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, haks\u0131z zilyedlerden ecrimisil istemesi s\u00f6z konusudur. 2886 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130hale Kanununun (D\u0130K\u2019in) 75. maddesi kamu mal\u0131na hukuksuz olarak el atan\u0131 \u201cfuzuli \u015fagil (\u2248haks\u0131z i\u015fgalci ya da kullan\u0131c\u0131)\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm de bu konuda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelik[6] de \u201cfuzuli \u015fagil\u201din kamu mal\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisinden uygun bir ecrimisil tahsil edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Ecrimisil tutar\u0131n\u0131 Devlet \u0130hale Komisyonu tespit eder. S\u00fcresinde \u00f6denmeyen tutarlara yasal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde gecikme zamm\u0131 ve dava edince haks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kan davac\u0131ya ayr\u0131ca \u201chaks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kma tazminat\u0131\u201d il\u00e2ve edilir.[12:83,84].<\/p>\n \u0130stenilen ecrimisil tutar\u0131 kamu alaca\u011f\u0131 olup; r\u0131zaen \u00f6denmezse 6183 say\u0131l\u0131 Amme Alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n Tahsil Usul\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda Kanuna (AATUK\u2019ya) g\u00f6re tahsil olunur.[11:166,167].<\/p>\n idare taraf\u0131ndan fuzuli \u015fagile g\u00f6nderilen ecrimisil \u00f6deme ihbarnamesi ve ecrimisil d\u00fczeltme ihbarnamesi \u201cidari i\u015flem\u201ddirler. Ecrimisil \u00f6deme ve\/veya d\u00fczeltme ihbarnamesi \u015feklindeki idari i\u015flemlerden do\u011facak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar idari yarg\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecektir.[12:79;37]. Bu yasal durumun:<\/p>\n 1-) An\u0131lan ihbarnamelerin tebli\u011finden \u00f6nce veya<\/p>\n 2-) D\u0130K\u2019in hi\u00e7 uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde;<\/p>\n Adli Mahkemelerde ecrimisil davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.[39]. Ecrimisil ihbarnamelerinin tebli\u011fiyle birlikte g\u00f6revli idari yarg\u0131 mercii idare mahkemesi olacakt\u0131r. [11:171;48]. Kanunun[27]. 6. maddesindeki \u201cbenzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler\u201din kapsam\u0131; vergi, har\u00e7 ve resim benzerleri ile kay\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r. Vergi mahkemeleri ise;<\/p>\n 1-) Vergi resim har\u00e7 ve benzeri mali y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerden \u201ckaynaklanan\u201d alacaklara ve<\/p>\n 2-) Bunlara AATUK\u2019n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren i\u015flemlere;<\/p>\n \u0130li\u015fkin konularda g\u00f6revli olmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n AATUK\u2019ya g\u00f6re takip ve tahsil edilen \u00f6demelerden kaynaklanan konumuzu i\u00e7eren uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar vergi mahkemelerinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenemeyecektirler. 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Muhakeme Usul\u00fc Kanunun (\u0130MUK\u2019n\u0131n) 34. maddesi de \u201ci\u015fgalden kaynaklanan haller\u201dde g\u00f6revli mahkemelerin idare mahkemeleri oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n Kamu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 AATUK\u2019ya g\u00f6re 5 sene olacakt\u0131r. Burada D\u0130K\u2019n\u0131n 92. maddesi konuya \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak uygulan\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm D\u0130K\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan konularda (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc 6098 say\u0131l\u0131) T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun(TBK\u2019n\u0131n) uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtilmektedir. M\u00fclga Bor\u00e7lar Kanununda ve TBK\u2019da ecrimisilde zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu kanundaki bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduran Y\u0130BK\u2019ya itibar edilmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131, uygulamada; 1938 tarihli Y\u0130BK karar\u0131nda[30] \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n \u201cEcrimisil(:)<\/p>\n 1-) \u0130yiniyetli olmayan bir zilyedin<\/p>\n 2-) geri vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir \u015feyi<\/p>\n 3-) haks\u0131z olarak al\u0131koymu\u015f olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden;<\/p>\n 4-) hak sahibine verdi\u011fi zararlar elde etti\u011fi ya da etmeyi ihmal eyledi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/p>\n 5-) \u00f6denmesi gereken bir tazminat\u201d;[34]<\/p>\n Olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Ecrimisil k\u0131saca haks\u0131z i\u015fgal ya da kullan\u0131m tazminat\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n 1-) Bir ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 (gayr\u0131menkul\u00fc) haks\u0131z i\u015fgal ya da kullan\u0131m;<\/p>\n 2-) Ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r mal\u0131 (menkul\u00fc) haks\u0131z \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olmak ya da kullanmak;<\/p>\n Ecrimisili gerektirir. Ecrimisil ile elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi davas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. Bir ki\u015fi; haks\u0131z kullan\u0131lan ya da i\u015fgal edilen mal\u0131na elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini ve haks\u0131z kullan\u0131mla ilgili ecrimisil isteyebilir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisil i\u00e7in zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, uygulamada davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren geriye do\u011fru 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcredir. Yaln\u0131z; ecrimisilin haks\u0131z fiilden kaynaklanmas\u0131 sebebiyle, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n buna g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131 hususundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n Ecrimisil uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalarda g\u00f6revli mahkeme asliye hukuk mahkemesidir. Yetkili mahkeme de s\u00f6z konusu e\u015fyan\u0131n bulundu yer esas al\u0131narak belirlenir.<\/p>\n Kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ecrimisilin taraf\u0131 olabilirler. \u0130darenin \u00f6deyece\u011fi ecrimisilde \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. \u0130darenin talep edece\u011fi ecrimisil ve miktarlar\u0131, D\u0130K\u2019e g\u00f6re fuzuli \u015fagilden istenebilir. Tutar, y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe[6] g\u00f6re takip edilecek usulle belirlenir. Ecrimisilin kamu hukuku kapsam\u0131ndaki zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi de D\u0130K\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fi \u00f6zel hukuka k\u0131yasen 5 y\u0131l olarak uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Kanaatimizce; idarenin 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tahsil etmedi\u011fi ecrimisil, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan dava yolu istisna olmak \u00fczere zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ecrimisil ihbarnamesi veya bunun d\u00fczeltilmesi ihbarnamesi i\u015flemleri \u201cidari i\u015flem\u201ddirler. Bu nedenle Bu i\u015flemlerden do\u011fan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar D\u0130K h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re idar\u00ee yarg\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Mahkemsinin de bu konuda karar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu i\u015flemlerin iptali ya da tam yarg\u0131 davalar\u0131 vergi mahkemelerinde de\u011fil; \u0130MUK(madde:34) gere\u011fince idare mahkemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1-)\u00a0 Akg\u00fcnd\u00fcz, Ahmet, \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m Hukukunda Ecrimisil M\u00fcessesesi ve G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Hukukuna Te\u2019sirleri\u201d,\u00a0\u00a0 Dicle \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em> y\u0131l: 1984, say\u0131: 2, ss: 339-375<\/p>\n 2-)\u00a0 Akipek, Jale G., T\u00fcrk E\u015fya Hukuku, Ayn\u00ee Haklar\u00a0 Birinci Kitap\u00a0 Zilyetlik ve Tapu Sicili,<\/em>\u00a0 G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u0130kinci Bas\u0131, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1972,<\/p>\n 3-)\u00a0 Ayverdi, \u0130lhan, Misalli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>, cilt: 1 ve 2\u00a0 2 bask\u0131, Kubbealt\u0131 Ne\u015friyat, \u0130stanbul, 2006.<\/p>\n 4-) Derdiman, R. Cengiz, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 5. bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2015.<\/p>\n 5-) Derdiman, R. Cengiz, Hukuk Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/em>, G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2015<\/p>\n 6-) Devlete Ait Ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal Sat\u0131\u015f, Trampa, Kiraya Verme, M\u00fclkiyetin Gayri Ayni Hak Tesis, Ecrimisil ve Tahliye Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi.<\/p>\n 7-)\u00a0 Do\u011fan, Mehmet, B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck<\/em>, \u0130z Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1996.<\/p>\n 8- ) Eren, Fikret, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 14. Bask\u0131Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2012.<\/p>\n 9)\u00a0 Esener, Turhan-G\u00fcven, Kudret, E\u015fya Hukuku<\/em>, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Yetkin yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2012.<\/p>\n 10-)\u00a0 \u0130stemi, Mehmet,\u00a0 \u201c<\/strong>Kullanma Menfaatinin \u0130adesi Taleb\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Dayana\u011f\u0131 – Ecri Misil Sorunu\u201d T\u00fcrk\u0131ye Barolar B<\/em>i<\/em>rl<\/em>i\u011fi <\/em>Dergisi<\/em>, 1998\/1, ss: 38-72.<\/p>\n 11-)\u00a0 Karako\u00e7, Yusuf, \u201cKamu Mallar\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ecrimisil\u201d T\u00fcrk \u0130dare Dergisi, y\u0131l: 65, say\u0131: 399,\u00a0 Haziran 1993, ss: 163-172.<\/p>\n 12-)\u00a0 Katipo\u011flu, Y\u0131lmaz, Kamu Hukukunda Ecr<\/em>i<\/em>m<\/em>i<\/em>s<\/em>i<\/em>l<\/em>, \u0130stanbul K\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Kamu Hukuku Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul, 2009<\/p>\n 13-) Kaynak, Do\u011fan, \u201cEcrimisil Meseleleri\u201d, \u0130zmir Barosu Dergisi,<\/em> y\u0131l: 1968, say\u0131: 29, ss: 10-15<\/p>\n 14-) Kurtulan, G\u00f6k\u00e7e, \u201cHaks\u0131z Fiilde Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Unsuru\u201d Marmamra \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Hukuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n Dergisi, <\/em>cilt: 23, say\u0131: 1, ss: 465-503.<\/p>\n 15-) Kuru, Baki-Arslan, Ramazan-Y\u0131lmaz, Ejder, Medeni Usul Hukuku <\/em>Ders Kitab\u0131,\u00a0 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 kanuna g\u00f6re yeniden yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 24. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2013<\/p>\n 16-) Nomer, Haluk, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 13. Bask\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul,2013.<\/p>\n 17-) O\u011fuzman, Kemal-Seli\u00e7i, \u00d6zer-Oktay \u00d6zdemir, Saibe, E\u015fya Hukuku,<\/em> Yenielnmi\u015f ve Mevzuata Uyarlanm\u0131\u015f 15. Bas\u0131\u2019dan 16. T\u0131pk\u0131 Bas\u0131, Filiz Kitabevi, \u0130stanbui 2013.<\/p>\n 18-) Olga\u00e7; Senai, Kaza\u00ee ve \u00celm\u00ee \u0130\u00e7tihatlarla T\u00fcrk Kanunu Medenisi. Cilt: 2, \u0130stanbul, 1957, 690\u2019dan nakleden: Kaynak, s. 11.<\/p>\n 19-) \u00d6zcan, H\u00fcseyin, Hukuk S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em> Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 6. Bask\u0131 Se\u00e7kin yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1985<\/p>\n 20-) Postac\u0131o\u011flu \u0130lhan, “Sui Niyet Sahibi Zilyetlerin Ecri Misille M\u00fckellef Olup Olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131”, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi <\/em>Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131<\/em>, 1951, C. 17, say\u0131. 1-2, s. 434, nakleden: \u0130stemi, Mehmet,\u00a0 \u201c<\/strong>Kullanma Menfaatinin \u0130adesi Taleb\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Dayana\u011f\u0131 – Ecri Misil Sorunu\u201d T\u00fcrk\u0131ye Barolar B<\/em>i<\/em>rl<\/em>i\u011fi <\/em>Dergisi<\/em>, 1998\/1, s. 41.<\/p>\n 21-) Reiso\u011flu, Safa, T\u00fcrk E\u015fya Hukuku<\/em>, cilt: I, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No. 440, Ankara, 1980.<\/p>\n 22-) Sezer, Yasin, <\/em>\u201cKamu Mallar\u0131nda Ecrimisil\u201d, Dan\u0131<\/em>\u015f<\/em>tay Dergisi<\/em>, S.108, Y\u0131l.34, 2004<\/p>\n 23-) Serozan, Rona, \u201c\u0130fa, \u0130fa Engelleri, Haks\u0131z Zenginle\u015fme. Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu\/ Hatemi\/Serozan\/Arpac\u0131, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, Genel B\u00f6l\u00fcm, 3. cilt, \u0130stanbul 1994, s. 298 vd., nakleden: \u0130stemi, 41<\/p>\n 24-) Sirmen, A. Lale, E\u015fya Hukuku<\/em>, 2. Bas\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2014<\/p>\n 25-) \u015eemseddin Sami, Kamusi T\u00fcrk\u00ee,<\/em> T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Ankara, 2010.<\/p>\n 26-) Tekinay-Akman-Burcuo\u011flu-Altop,E\u015fya Hukuku cilt: 1, 5. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1989, s. 217, nakleden: Esener-G\u00fcven, 104<\/p>\n 27-) 2576 say\u0131l\u0131 B\u00f6lge \u0130dare Mahkemeleri, \u0130dare Mahkemeleri ve Vergi Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015fu ve G\u00f6revleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun<\/p>\n 28-) Kocaeli 2 Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesinin 03.06.2014 tarihli ve esas: 2014\/752\u00a0\u00a0 karar: 2014\/274 say\u0131l\u0131 karar<\/p>\n 29-) Y\u0130BK\u2019n\u0131n 19\/12\/1931 tarih ve 23\/44 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Reiso\u011flu, s. 82<\/p>\n 30-) Y\u0130BK\u2019n\u0131n 25.05.1938 tarihli ve esas: 1937\/29 karar: 1938\/\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 31-)\u00a0 Y\u0130BK\u2019n\u0131n 8.3.1950 tarihli ve 22\/04 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, Nakleden: Sirmen, 119.<\/p>\n 32-) Y\u0130BK\u2019n\u0131n 08.03.1950 tarih 22\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u0130BK Karar\u0131, nak: Resio\u011flu, s. 82<\/p>\n 33-) YHGK\u2019n\u0131n 13.01.1982 tarihli ve esas: 1979\/2-66 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, at\u0131f yapan Esener-G\u00fcven, 102.<\/p>\n 34-) YHGK\u2019n\u0131n 05.04.2017 tarihli ve esas: 2017\/1-1282, karar: 2017\/604 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Germe\u00e7 Mahir Ersin, Kat M\u00fclkiyeti Hukuku, G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 8. Bask\u0131, se\u00e7kin yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2019, s. 810<\/p>\n 35-)\u00a0 \u00a0YHGK\u2019n\u0131n, 13.01.1982 tarihli ve Esas: 1979\/2-66, Karar: 1982\/1<\/a> say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 36-) Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesinin 30.12.2015 tarihli ve esas: 2015\/15404, karar: 2015\/15322 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 37-) Yarg\u0131tay1. Hukuk Dairesinin, 2.2.2016<\/strong>\u00a0 tarihli ve Esas No:2014\/9385Karar No:2016\/1039<\/strong> say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 38-) Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesinin 11.09.2014 tarihli ve esas: 2014\/8840 karar:2014\/14053 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 39-) Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesinin 4.5.2009<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 tarihli ve esas: 2009\/3832, karar: 2009\/5222 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 40-) Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesinin; 30.12.2015 tarihli ve esas: 2015\/15404, karar: 2015\/15322 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 41-) Yarg\u0131tay 1. Hukuk Dairesinin 11.06.2014 tarihli ve esas: 2004\/8004 karar:2014\/11567 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131;<\/p>\n 42-) Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesinin 08.02.2017 tarihli ve esas:\u00a02016\/5092\u00a0karar:\u00a02017\/952\u00a0say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 43-) Yarg\u0131tay 3. Hukuk Dairesinin 3.6.2014 tarihli ve Esas No:2014\/3578<\/strong> Karar No:2014\/8752 <\/strong>say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 44-) Yarg\u0131tay 3.Hukuk Dairesinin 26.6.1999 tarihli ve esas:1999\/6090, karar:1999\/6902 tarihli karar\u0131.<\/p>\n 45-) Yarg\u0131tay 5. Hukuk dairesinin 07.04.2011 tarihli ve esas:\u00a0 2011\/2322 karar: 2011\/6217 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 46-) Yarg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesinin 29.11.2018 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/8209 karar: 2018\/19493 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 47-) Yarg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesinin \u00a001.04.2013 tarihli ve Esas: 2013\/4186, Karar: 2013\/5225 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n 48-) Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Mahkemesinin esas: 1988\/2, karar: 1989\/1 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Karako\u00e7, s. 171<\/p>\n 1-)\u00a0 Bu makalenin, yasalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7, r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta <\/em>Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/em><\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/em>2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/em><\/p>\n \u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em>3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka:<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n Kaynak:\u00a0 <\/em>R. Cengiz Derdiman,<\/em>\u00a0 \u201c\u2018<\/em>Ecrimisil\u2019in anlam ve kapsam\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n \u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cEcir\u201d, \u00f6zg\u00fcn olarak bir ibadet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kazan\u0131lan m\u00fckafaat[25:285] (kazan\u00e7) gibi anlamlara gelmektedir.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cEski hukukumuzda ecrimisil s\u0131hhat \u015fartlar\u0131ndan biri noksan kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde uygulanacak emsal kira bedelini ifade ederdi.\u201d[21:81].<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin (Yarg\u0131tay) 4. Hukuk Dairesinin 17.01.1944 tarihli karar\u0131nda ecrimisil; haks\u0131z surette i\u015fgal ve intifa olunan bir \u015feyin, emsaline g\u00f6re takdir ve tayini icabeden \u00fccreti demektir \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d [18:690;21:81].<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; ecrimisilin sebebi olan \u201cm\u00fclkiyete elatma\u201dn\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talebi, iyiniyet gerek\u00e7esi ile reddedilemez. [46]. Yani usul i\u015flemleri ve safahat, iyiniyetlilik karinesi aksi ispata imk\u00e2n verir \u015fekilde takip olunur.<\/p>\n [5]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kat m\u00fclkiyetinde bir payda\u015f\u0131n haks\u0131z kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden \u201cdi\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n ecrimisil isteyebilmesi i\u00e7in; \u00f6ncelikle, kullanan payda\u015f\u0131, bu ortak yeri kullanmaktan, y\u00f6ntemince men etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 gerekir.\u201d[47].<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 08.03.1950 tarih 22\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u0130BK Karar\u0131na g\u00f6re; fuzuli i\u015fgalin normal bir kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine benzemez.\u00a0 Bu i\u015flem, niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131 ile haks\u0131z bir eylem say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Haks\u0131z i\u015fgal nedeniyle olu\u015fan zarar\u0131n tazmin edilmesi gerekir. Bak\u0131n\u0131z: [36].<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130slam hukukunda da haks\u0131z kullan\u0131m ve kullan\u0131lan maldan elde edilen kazan\u0131mlar ecrimisille ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir. Bak\u0131n\u0131z:[1:342].<\/p>\n [8]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bir ba\u015fka emsal karara g\u00f6re; \u00f6deme tarihinden ifan\u0131n imkans\u0131z hale geldi\u011fi tarihe kadar denkle\u015ftirme yap\u0131labilir. Denkle\u015ftirmede,\u00a0\u00a0 \u201calt\u0131n, USD, faiz de\u011ferleri. \u2026 enflasyon, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, t\u00fcketici e\u015fya fiyat endeksi, maa\u015f art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 vs gibi; ekonomik etkenlerin ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n da al\u0131n(mas\u0131)\u2026gerekir.\u201d[43].<\/p>\n2. Ecrimisil in hukuk\u00ee dayana\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n
3. Ecrimisil A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Elveri\u015flilik, R\u0131za D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve K\u00f6t\u00fc Niyetli Kullan\u0131m <\/em><\/h3>\n
3.1. Ecrimisilde kiraya elveri\u015flilik unsuru<\/h4>\n
3.2. K\u00f6t\u00fc niyet<\/h4>\n
3.3. R\u0131zaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k<\/em><\/h3>\n
4. Borcun temerr\u00fcd\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ecrimisil ve cebri icra<\/h4>\n
5. Ecrimisilde istenilebilecek tazminat\u0131n kapsam\u0131<\/h4>\n
5.1. Ecrimisilin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 <\/em><\/h5>\n
5.2. Giderlerin Ecrimisilden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi<\/em><\/h5>\n
Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/em><\/h3>\n
Hal b\u00f6yleyken;<\/h5>\n
Kamu hukukunda ecrimisile bak\u0131\u015f<\/h4>\n
Ayr\u0131ca<\/h4>\n
Bu nedenle,<\/h5>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h4>\n
At\u0131fl\u0131 Kaynak\u00e7a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h3>\n
1. Eserler<\/h4>\n
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2-) Emsal Kararlar<\/h4>\n
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\nDikkat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h4>\n
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***<\/h4>\n