{"id":1996,"date":"2020-05-14T17:32:01","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T14:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/?p=1996"},"modified":"2020-05-14T17:32:01","modified_gmt":"2020-05-14T14:32:01","slug":"anayasa-mahkemesinin-cumhurbaskanligi-kararnamelerine-iliskin-karari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/anayasa-mahkemesinin-cumhurbaskanligi-kararnamelerine-iliskin-karari\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesinin Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine ili\u015fkin karar\u0131na k\u0131sa bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/a>nin karar\u0131nda, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ili\u015fkin konularda (Anayasa, m. 104\/17) Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor. Bu karar, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin hukuki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele alan ilk karar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek nitelikte.<\/h4>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> kararnamelerinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi; aksi halde i\u00e7erikleri Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmasa bile, bu d\u00fczenlemelerin “Anayasa uygunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilmeyece\u011fi” de dikkat \u00e7eken ifadeler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/h4>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin 13.05.2020 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanan (22.01.2020 tarihli esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131<\/a>) karar\u0131yla;<\/p>\n

\u201c8 Numaral\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Askeri \u015e\u00fbran\u0131n<\/a> Kurulu\u015f ve G\u00f6revleri Hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u201dnin iptali istenen 6. maddesini; iptal istemini oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla reddedilerek Anayasa uygun bulundu. \u0130ptali istenen h\u00fck\u00fcm Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinde:<\/p>\n

\u201cY\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015e\u00fbran\u0131n sekretarya hizmetlerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca belirlenecek merci y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde yer alm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/a>nin bu karar\u0131nda, Y\u00fcksek Askeri \u015euran\u0131n(YA\u015e\u2019\u0131n), bakanl\u0131klara \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d ya da \u201cilgili\u201d bir kurulu\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesine ili\u015fkin usullere de tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; YA\u015e\u2019a ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ili\u015fkin bir konu oldu\u011fu; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iptali istenen h\u00fckm\u00fcn de Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleriyle d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde gerek\u00e7elere yer verildi.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi<\/a>, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin, hukuki konumlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin detayl\u0131\/ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmelerini ilk kez bu karar\u0131yla yapm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131n\u0131; -\u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi\u201dne[1]<\/a> ili\u015fkin Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen- Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin, hukuki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 i\u015flemesi sebebiyle \u00f6nemli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131nda, “Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi”nin y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ili\u015fkin konularla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015f; ve bunlar, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin asli d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131nda, ilgili di\u011fer Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131na da at\u0131f yap\u0131larak; kanunla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 da belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u201cAnayasada m\u00fcnhas\u0131r kanun alan\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna ili\u015fkin ifadeleri; Anayasan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir h\u00fckm\u00fcnde “‘yaln\u0131zca kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi’ \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konular anlam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir belirtimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” \u015feklinde anlamak gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc;<\/p>\n

Anayasadaki, \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konular\u201d\u0131n, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleriyle d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fine dair bir geni\u015fleme; Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerini konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale getirecektir. Nitekim, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi<\/a>nde[1]<\/span> Anayasaya bu konuda eklenen a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckme(m.104\/17) g\u00f6re de; \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenebilecek konular\u201dda, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin (-16.05.1989 tarihli ve esas: 1989\/4, karar: 1989\/23 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 gibi-) daha evvelki kararlar\u0131nda; kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnameleri(KHK) Anayasaya uygun bulmu\u015ftur. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu kararlar\u0131nda, d\u00fczenlemenin; Anayasan\u0131n, \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d konuda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsememi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bu bak\u0131mdan B\u00fct\u00e7e ve kesinhesap kanunlar\u0131 gibi, sadece “kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan konular”da KHK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[2] <\/a>Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu y\u00f6nde kararlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi tarihlerde Anayasa\u2019da olmayan s\u0131n\u0131rlama h\u00fckm\u00fc; Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecindeki Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinde, Anayasaya 104\/17 madde olarak eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Doktrindeki fikirlerden, Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesindeki \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenen konular\u201ddan maksad\u0131n; \u201cAnayasada kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilen konular olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu fikirlere g\u00f6re, Anayasada “a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konular”da, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi; ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut konulardaki yorum ve gerek\u00e7elendirmelerini, iptal talebine konu kurallar\u0131n Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tespit i\u00e7in yapmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu sebeple, “Karar”da, Anayasada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenlenebilecek konular\u201dda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 tespitinin esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenlerle:<\/p>\n

Anayasada, \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran (veya yaln\u0131zca) kanunla d\u00fczenlenecektir\u201d diye bir h\u00fck\u00fcm olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen; \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konular\u201d\u0131, \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131r kanun konular\u0131\u201d olarak kabul etmek zorunludur. Aksi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Anayasan\u0131n 123. maddesindeki idarenin kanunili\u011fi prensibini de i\u015flevsiz k\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bir kurulu\u015fun, bakanl\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131, ilgili veya ili\u015fkili bir kurulu\u015f stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmamas\u0131 ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleriyle d\u00fczenlenebilecek di\u011fer konular\u0131n kapsam\u0131na da girmemesi halinde, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekecektir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015euras\u0131 da var ki;<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk kamu y\u00f6netiminde yer alan idarenin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi(Anayasa,m. 123), t\u00fcm idari kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, ba\u011fl\u0131, ilgili ya da ili\u015fkili kurulu\u015f stat\u00fclerinde olmak \u00fczere merkezi y\u00f6netim b\u00fcnyesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmelerini; bunlar\u0131n bir bakanl\u0131\u011fa ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d, \u201cilgili\u201d ya da \u201cili\u015fkili\u201d kurulu\u015f stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. \u00a0Fakat Anayasa Mahkemesinin an\u0131lan Karar\u0131nda YA\u015e a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan;<\/h5>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi, 19.02.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/91 karar: 2020\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 di\u011fer bir karar\u0131nda da; Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerini \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevselli\u011fi\u201d kapsam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenecek konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan ba\u015fka, Anayasa Mahkemesinin konumuz olan karar\u0131na g\u00f6re:<\/h5>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 gerekecektir. Aksi halde, bunlar\u0131n, \u201ci\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmasalar da, \u2018Anayasaya uygunluklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyecektir.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAnayasaya uygunluk\u201dtan s\u00f6z edilemedi\u011fi her durumda, mutlaka \u201cAnayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u201d mevcut olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131; her zaman hukuki ve isabetli olmayabilecektir. Nitekim Anayasa da Anayasa Mahkemesinin iptali karar\u0131 verilebilmesini; Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespit edilmesi hal ve \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu sebeple, Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu karar\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAnayasaya uygunluktan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi\u201d ifadesini; muhtemelen, “konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisiz makam\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemlerin de Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131” \u015feklinde anlamak gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

Dikkat<\/strong><\/h6>\n
Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n her hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131, iznimiz olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, kopyalanamaz, yay\u0131lamaz, yay\u0131nlanamaz ve \u00a0payla\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/h6>\n
Dipnotlar<\/strong><\/h5>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi\u201d “Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmeti” ve \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi\u201d deyimlerinin ilk defa, taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu sistemin, bir “h\u00fck\u00fbmet sistemi modeli” olarak da kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerimizi i\u00e7eren\u00a0 -2013 ve 2014 tarihlerindeki yay\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z ve k\u0131sa bilgi i\u00e7in- bak\u0131n\u0131z: R. Cengiz Derdiman \u00a0\u00a0\u201c1982 Anayasas\u0131na g\u00f6re kanun kavram\u0131<\/a>\u201d https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/makaleler\/1982-anayasasina-gore-kanun-kavrami\/<\/a> eri\u015fim tarihi: 13.05.2020), dipnot: 1<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ergun \u00d6zbudun, T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukuku, G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 12. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2011, s. 251.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin: Hasan Tahsin Fendo\u011flu, Anayasa Hukuku,<\/em> 4. Bask\u0131, yetkin yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2019, s. 594; \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Karatepe-Haluk Alkan-Yavuz Atar-Y\u0131lmaz Bing\u00f6l-Gonca Bayraktar Durgun, Sorularla Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sistemi, <\/em>Memur Sen Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2017, s.79.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ndeki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z:\u00a0 Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan, Hasan Tahsin G\u00f6kcan ve Yusuf \u015eevki Hakyemez\u2019in, Anayasa Mahkemesinin 22.01.2020 tarihli esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131) karar\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131oy gerek\u00e7eleri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Mahkemesinin karar\u0131nda, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ili\u015fkin konularda (Anayasa, m. 104\/17) Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor. Bu karar, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin hukuki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ele alan ilk karar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek nitelikte. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetki kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi; aksi halde i\u00e7erikleri Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmasa bile, bu d\u00fczenlemelerin “Anayasa uygunlu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilmeyece\u011fi” de dikkat \u00e7eken ifadeler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. 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