Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet birden \u00e7ok kimsenin, maddi olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f bir mal\u0131n tamam\u0131na, belli paylarla(=hisselerle) ve \u201cpayda\u015f (=hissedar)\u201d \u015feklinde birlikte(=m\u00fc\u015fterek) m\u00e2lik olduklar\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.[1]<\/a> Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z m\u00fclkiyette tek ki\u015fi mal\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne tek ba\u015f\u0131na sahiptir. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette ise, m\u00fclkiyet somut olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f; ancak payda\u015flar\u0131n soyut olarak belirlenmi\u015f paylara sahiplikleri s\u00f6z konusudur.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 (=hisseli) m\u00fclkiyette mal\u0131n sahibi tek ki\u015fi de\u011fil, mal\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne nazaran belli bir oran\u0131na sahip birden fazla payda\u015ft\u0131r. Bu payda\u015flar, hisseleri oran\u0131nda olmak kayd\u0131yla mala(=e\u015fyaya) birlikte sahiptirler.[3]<\/a> Bu durum, -payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece,-\u00a0 her bir payda\u015f\u0131n, payl\u0131 (yani hen\u00fcz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015f) e\u015fyan\u0131n birlikte maliki olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette pay, m\u00fclkiyeti b\u00fct\u00fcnleyen ve ama kendi i\u00e7inde b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyen; kendisine sahip olan payda\u015f\u0131n, di\u011fer pay(sahibi payda\u015f)lara oranla haiz oldu\u011fu oransal miktar\u0131 ve bu orana nispeten tasarruf yetkisini ifade eder.[5]<\/a> Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc belirlenmedik\u00e7e, paylar da e\u015fit say\u0131l\u0131r. [6]<\/a> Bu aksinin ispat\u0131na devaml\u0131 elveri\u015fli olan bir adi karinedir.[7]<\/a> Bu kapsamda as\u0131l olan, belirlenen oranlarla pay sahipli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet tapuya da, her bir payda\u015f\u0131n pay oranlar\u0131 ve payda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilerek i\u015flenir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette, her bir sahip pay sahibi olup, payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda daha evvelden do\u011fmu\u015f bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet, kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc usullerden birisidir. Kanunlar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da de\u011finilecek olan elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet kapsam\u0131nda g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi \u00e7ok malikli (=birlikte) her m\u00fclkiyet, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette \u201cpaylar hem m\u00fc\u015fterek maliklerin e\u015fya \u00fczerindeki yetki, iktidar ve m\u00fckellefiyetlerini g\u00f6sterir. Hem de payda\u015flar\u0131n birbiri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki durumlar\u0131n\u0131 tayine yarar.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flar mal\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne birlikte sahiptirler. Mal payda\u015flar\u0131n paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda maddi olarak ve, yer ve konumu belirli \u015fekilde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir. Paylar soyut ve her bir payda\u015f\u0131n mal\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerindeki pay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flar\u0131n, paylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kanunen m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilen s\u0131n\u0131rda \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullanma ve tasarruf etme yetkileri vard\u0131r:[11]<\/a><\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, malikin mal(=e\u015fya) \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunabilmesini, ondan yararlanabilmesini ve onu kullanabilmesini kapsar. Bu kural payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette de uygulanabilirli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flardan her biri, kendi pay\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan malik hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine sahip olur. Ancak bu hak ve yetkileri s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fil, bu noktada her bir payda\u015f\u0131n soyut, yeri ve konumu belirlenmemi\u015f mal\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne birlikte sahipli\u011finin elverdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetteki paylar\u0131n devri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi; bu paylar\u0131n her birisinin, malik olan payda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kendi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rehnedilebilmesi veya alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haczettirilebilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[12]<\/a> (TMK, m. 687). \u00a0Ayr\u0131ca, bu t\u00fcr i\u015flemler, her bir payda\u015f lehine de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cortak m\u00fclk, ortak sahip lehine de ipotek edilebilir.\u201d[13]<\/a> Ortak m\u00fclk\u00fcn t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bu t\u00fcr i\u015flemlere konu olabilmesi ise, payda\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn muhatap al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da bunlar\u0131n ortak karar vermeleri hallerinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetteki \u201cpay\u201d\u0131n, payda\u015f\u0131(=hissedar\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan, di\u011fer payda\u015flara ya da 3. ki\u015filere sat\u0131labilmesi ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ba\u015fka hukuki \u015fekillerde devredebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yaln\u0131z, pay sahibinin, pay\u0131n\u0131, (sat\u0131m ya da ba\u015fka \u015fekilde) devrinde \u00f6n al\u0131m (\u015fuf\u2019a) hakk\u0131na riayet de gerekir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131 kanundan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yasal \u00f6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131d\u0131r.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n Fiilen payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yerlerin \u00fczerinde payda\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6n al\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde emsal kararlar da vard\u0131r.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6n al\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n 3. ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in, tapu siciline \u015ferh verilmesi gerekir.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin do\u011fas\u0131ndan gelen bir sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r: Payda\u015flar, birilerinin payl\u0131 m\u00fclk\u00fc kullanmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcdahale edemezler.[18]<\/a> Her bir payda\u015f, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde yararlanma ve kullanma gibi tasarruflarda bulunabilir. Bu hususta pay oran\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette payda\u015flar, b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir nitelikte olan yetkilerini, esasen, tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanabilirler.[19]<\/a> Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet, bir payda\u015f\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na, di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve yetkileri ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 oranda izin verir.[20]<\/a> (m. 693).<\/p>\n Bankada a\u00e7\u0131lan m\u00fc\u015fterek hesaplardan, bir payda\u015f taraf\u0131ndan para \u00e7ekilmesi ya da Devlet i\u00e7 bor\u00e7lanma senedi almak veya bu y\u00f6nde s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapmak; di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden anla\u015farak ilgili payda\u015f\u0131 veya 3. bir ki\u015fiyi[21]<\/a> yetkilendirmeleri ya da bu i\u015flemlere muvafakat (\u2248onay, olur) vermelerini gerektirir.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet i\u00e7indeki pay, soyut ve belirsiz oldu\u011fundan, kiralamak gibi, mal\u0131n maddi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemlere konu edilemez. Ancak, bir payda\u015f\u0131n, payda\u015flar\u0131n birlikte z\u0131mn\u00ee (fiilen[22]<\/a>) veya a\u00e7\u0131k muvafakatlar\u0131yla(\u2248onaylar\u0131yla) belirlenmi\u015f pay\u0131n\u0131 kiraya vermesinde bir sorun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir.[23]<\/a> Payda\u015f\u0131n kendisine bu \u015fekilde tahsis edilen (=\u00f6zg\u00fclenen) yeri de kiraya veremeyece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde emsal kararlar da vard\u0131r.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n Payda\u015flar birlikte(=oybirli\u011fiyle) farkl\u0131 bir karar almam\u0131\u015flarsa, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyeti birlikte idare ederler. Bu hallerde, payda\u015flar\u0131n mal\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan tasarruf yetkileri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n ortak menfaatlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Bu gibi bir tasarrufun hukuka uygunlu\u011fu, t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n Ancak, payda\u015flar\u0131n; mal\u0131n kullan\u0131labilirli\u011finin ve de\u011ferinin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu i\u015fleri yapmak, (e\u015fyan\u0131n veya mal\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken zorunlu \u00f6nlemleri almak;[26]<\/a>) dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczerinde ufak nitelikli tamiratlar\u0131 yapmak hak ve yetkileri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ile ilgili olarak, \u201cola\u011fan y\u00f6netim kapsam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan i\u015fler\u201d, payda\u015flar\u0131n oy birli\u011fini; ola\u011fan kabul edilemeyecek de olsa \u201c\u00f6nemli say\u0131labilecek i\u015fler\u201d de hem pay hem de payda\u015f \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu gerektirir.<\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin \u00f6zg\u00fclendi\u011fi (=tahsis olundu\u011fu) amac\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, koruman\u0131n veya ola\u011fan \u015fekilde kullanman\u0131n gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc a\u015fan yap\u0131 i\u015flerine giri\u015filmesi veya payl\u0131 mal\u0131n tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde tasarruf i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131; oybirli\u011fiyle aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, b\u00fct\u00fcn payda\u015flar\u0131n kab\u00fbl\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r[28]<\/a> (m. 692).<\/p>\n Mesel\u00e2, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi bir tarlaya giren hayvanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 alelade ve ivedi;\u00a0 bir apartman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f boyas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nemli y\u00f6netim i\u015fi; apartmanda ola\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yap\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi de ola\u011fan\u0131 a\u015fan i\u015flerden g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n Bir payda\u015f, -di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131 hilaf\u0131na da olsa,- (3. ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 olarak da d\u00e2hil) kendi pay\u0131n\u0131 koruyucu tedbirler alabilir.[29]<\/a> Bu tedbirlerin, -di\u011fer paylar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde- b\u00f6l\u00fcnemezli\u011fi halinde; di\u011fer payda\u015flar da bundan yararlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Her bir payda\u015f\u0131n payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyeti korumak i\u00e7in a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 davalarda verilecek lehe kararlardan di\u011fer payda\u015flar da yararlan\u0131rlar. Bu kararlar\u0131n aleyhe \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemez.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n Payda\u015f\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki bu s\u00fcre\u00e7; zilyetlik davas\u0131 hari\u00e7;[31]<\/a> istihkak, elatman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi talepleri<\/a> \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Her bir payda\u015f di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n da lehine olacak \u015fekilde bu davalar\u0131 3. ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7abilir.[32]<\/a> Bu davalar do\u011fal olarak pay sahiplerinden birisinin di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 dava de\u011fildir.[33]<\/a> Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet i\u00e7indeki payla orant\u0131s\u0131z kullan\u0131m oldu\u011funu iddia eden di\u011fer payda\u015flar, h\u00e2kimden \u201ckullan\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi\u201dni isteyebilirler.[34]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla payda\u015flar\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00e2kim giderir.<\/p>\n Payda\u015flar\u0131n payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczerindeki kullan\u0131m, yararlanma, idare gibi hak ve tasarruflarda,\u00a0 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurallar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme kanunda belirtilen kurallardan farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler de i\u00e7erebilir. (m. 689). Ancak, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, kanunun emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 kurallara yer verilemez.[35]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00f6rne\u011fin, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin tamam\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede oy birli\u011fi ile yetkilendirilen ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131labilir.[36]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetten do\u011fan veya payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ile ilgili y\u00f6netim giderleri, vergiler ve di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler; aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, payda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fenden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demi\u015f bulunan payda\u015f, di\u011ferlerine paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda r\u00fccu edebilir[37]<\/a> (m. 694). Gerek di\u011fer payda\u015flara gerekse 3. Ki\u015filere, pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyen payda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer payda\u015flar m\u00fcteselsilen de\u011fil, paylar\u0131 oran\u0131nda sorumlu olurlar.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet, m\u00fclkiyetin, iyi niyetli 3. ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya m\u00fclkiyetin sona ermesine ili\u015fkin yasal hallerin vukuunda sona erer.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n Tapu tesciline g\u00fcven ilkesi gere\u011fince tescil bilgilerine g\u00f6re davranmak, iyi niyet g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilir.[40]<\/a> Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 3. ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 pay sahipleri dava a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n Payda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermesinin di\u011fer bir t\u00fcr\u00fc de payda\u015f\u0131n feragatidir. Bir pay sahibinin pay\u0131ndan feragat etmesi halinde bu pay di\u011fer payda\u015flara e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin tek malikli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z m\u00fclkiyet haline getirilmesi, t\u00fcm paylar\u0131n bir payda\u015fa ya da 3. ki\u015filere devri ile olabilir.<\/p>\n Pay\u0131n\u0131 cebri icra, yarg\u0131 karar\u0131 veya r\u0131zai olarak herhangi bir payda\u015fa veya 3. ki\u015fiye devreden payda\u015f, devredilen pay\u0131n maliki olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n Payda\u015flardan herhangi birisi, kendi pay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fclkiyet olarak kazanm\u0131\u015f olmak i\u00e7in, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, do\u011frudan veya hukuki yollarla isteyebilir. Di\u011fer payda\u015flar, bu talebe g\u00f6re, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapmak y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girerler.[43]<\/a> Bu, payla\u015f\u0131mda her bir payda\u015f\u0131n kendi menfaatini, adalet ve hakkaniyet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde korumas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 bertaraf edemez. Bu nedenle payla\u015f\u0131m fiilen olmazsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen sat\u0131\u015f \u015feklinde olabilir.<\/p>\n Payda\u015flar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti, her bir pay\u0131n bir payda\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak verilmesini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Payla\u015f\u0131mda, m\u00fclk\u00fcn payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u015feklinde pay edilmesi esast\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, paylar\u0131n ekonomik de\u011ferini belirleyerek; paylara yap\u0131lacak para katk\u0131s\u0131 ya da eksiltmesiyle dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve gereklidir.<\/p>\n Mallar\u0131n k\u0131ymetlerinde birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201c\u00f6nemli bir noksanl\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n\u201d taksimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse; sat\u0131\u015ftan elde edilen para payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ancak s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n esas olmas\u0131 gere\u011fince; payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet paylar\u0131n\u0131n her birisinin para ile dengelenmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[44]<\/a><\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131k ihale gibi giderlere de sebebiyet verecek olan sat\u0131\u015ftan, bu nedenle de uzak durulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemi tek \u00e7are oldu\u011funda esas al\u0131nacak se\u00e7enek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu arada, birka\u00e7 payda\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi yasal olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan durumlarda sat\u0131\u015f yolu tek \u00e7are olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n Payla\u015f\u0131mda ya da 3. ki\u015filere devrinde m\u00fclk \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olan intifa hakk\u0131 gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayni haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 kabul edilmektedir.[45]<\/a><\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet, birden fazla sahibi bulunan ve maliklerin m\u00fclkiyetin tamam\u0131na, herhangi bir pay g\u00f6zetilmeksizin\/s\u00f6z konusu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, birlikte sahip olduklar\u0131 m\u00fclkiyettir.[46]<\/a>\u00a0 (TMK., m. 701). \u201c\u0130\u015ftirak halinde(=elbirli\u011fi) m\u00fclkiyette m\u00fclkiyetin kendini meydana getiren ki\u015filerden ayr\u0131 bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hak ya da mal\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ortaklardan t\u00fcm\u00fcne yani ortakl\u0131\u011fa ait oldu\u011fu, ortakl\u0131k sona erene kadar ortaklardan birinin veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kullanabilecekleri paylar\u0131 veya paylar\u0131na dayal\u0131 hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u201d[47]<\/a> s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette m\u00fclkiyet soyut (ve ileride paylara ayr\u0131lacak) da olsa paylara ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi ki\u015fi toplulu\u011fudur.[48]<\/a> Aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ortaklardan her biri e\u015fit hakka sahiptir.<\/p>\n Hal b\u00f6yle de olsa, \u201cPayl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet (gibi) elbirli\u011fi ile m\u00fclkiyette (de), hak sahipleri aras\u0131nda m\u00fclkiyete konu olan e\u015fyan\u0131n kendisi ve hakk\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Tek m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, ancak birden \u00e7ok malik bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki m\u00fclkiyet t\u00fcr\u00fcnde de birden fazla malik olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir malikin haklar\u0131 di\u011fer maliklerin haklar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[49]<\/a><\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, elbirli\u011fi mal toplulu\u011fu topluluk m\u00fclk\u00fcn halihaz\u0131rda birlikte sahibi -ama tasfiye sonras\u0131nda paylar\u0131n\u0131 “ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z m\u00fclk” sahibi olarak kazanacak- olan “m\u00fcstakbel payda\u015flar”dan olu\u015fan; bununla birlikte ayn\u0131 m\u00fclk ile sahiplik ili\u015fkisi kuran ki\u015filerin iradelerini birlikte ve b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak temsil eden, -ama t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi olmayan- topluluktur.<\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyeti \u00fczerinde, sahiplerden olu\u015fan \u015fah\u0131s toplulu\u011funun m\u00fclk ad\u0131na birlikte tasarrufu s\u00f6z konusu olur.[50]<\/a><\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet ya kanundan ya da kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fme tiplerinden do\u011farlar.[51]<\/a> Kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 olmayan bir durum elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyete konu olamaz.[52]<\/a> Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetin do\u011fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda \u00f6nceden do\u011fmu\u015f ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi gereklidir.[53]<\/a> \u201c\u0130\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet, esasen kanunun korudu\u011fu bir himayeden kaynaklan\u0131r. Taraflar kanunda yer almayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fekliyle de i\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyet stat\u00fcs\u00fc belirleyemezler.\u201d[54]<\/a> Hukukumuzda kanuna g\u00f6re miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131; kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulan adi(=alel\u00e2de) ortakl\u0131k, t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazanmam\u0131\u015f (olduklar\u0131ndan adi ortakl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclen[55]<\/a>) dernek mallar\u0131, evlilikte edinilmi\u015f mallara ortakl\u0131k, elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyete \u00f6rnektirler.<\/p>\n Bunlardan mal rejimi ve adi \u015firket s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, kanunda yer alan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle kurulmu\u015f olan elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyete; mirastan kaynaklanan ortakl\u0131k ise kanunundan kaynaklanan elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyete \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil ederler.<\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan, m\u00fclkiyet ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan m\u00fcnasebet de\u011fildir; elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette m\u00fclkiyet ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fahs\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetten kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.[56]<\/a><\/p>\n Ortaklar, ortakl\u0131k devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece paylar\u0131n\u0131 isteyemeyecekleri gibi, bu paylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde tasarruf i\u015flemleri de yapamazlar (TMK., m. 376).<\/p>\n Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n malikler toplulu\u011funun oybirli\u011fi ile devredilebilmesi ve sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi haller hari\u00e7; malikler toplulu\u011fu ortaklar\u0131ndan (\u2248\u00fcyelerinden) herhangi birisinin, bu mal \u00fczerindeki m\u00e2likli\u011fini sona erdirmesi genelde s\u00f6z konusu olamaz.[57]<\/a><\/p>\n Ortaklardan birisinin ortakl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 devri, devreden ile devralan\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda hukuki ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli olur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla devreden orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktaki ortaklara kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki ili\u015fki yine devredende kal\u0131r.[58]<\/a><\/p>\n Miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na konu olan mallarda ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi yolu hari\u00e7, olmak \u00fczere; di\u011fer elbirli\u011fi ortakl\u0131klar\u0131nda, ortaklar ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kamazlar ve ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erdirici sebep olmad\u0131k\u00e7a malikler malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyemezler.[59]<\/a><\/p>\n Miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birisinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini sadece miras \u015firketindeki di\u011fer ortaklara devretmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n 1. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00e7ok malikli m\u00fclkiyette genel bir stat\u00fcd\u00fcr. Elbirli\u011fi ortakl\u0131k payl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011fa nazaran istisnai ve kanunun belirledi\u011fi hal ve \u015fekillerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer hallerde s\u00f6z konusu olmaz.[60]<\/a><\/p>\n 2. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette i\u015ftirak h\u00fck\u00fcmleri devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, paylar \u00fczerinde tasarrufta bulunulamaz.[61]<\/a> (TMK., m. 702). Elbirli\u011fi ortakl\u0131kta mal “tek bir ki\u015fininmi\u015f gibi” bir hukuk\u00ee uygulamaya t\u00e2bi olmakta; bu sebeple de \u00fczerinde bir tasarruf, kanunda veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, t\u00fcm ortaklar\u0131n oy birli\u011fi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. M\u00fclkiyet i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken acil tedbirler, kanaatimizce, i\u015fin tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi bundan istisna olabilir. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette ise acil ve ola\u011fan i\u015fler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama mutlak de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n 3. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette her bir pay kesir olarak sadece soyut \u015fekilde bir hisse oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in; payda\u015flar\u0131n paylar\u0131 \u00fczerinde di\u011fer payda\u015flar\u0131n hak ve yetkileri ile uyu\u015ftu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tasarruf yetkisi vard\u0131r. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette ise -soyut da olsa- hi\u00e7bir payla\u015f\u0131m yoktur.[62]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet, t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi olmayan[63]<\/a> ve (ileride payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cal\u0131nacak\u201d) m\u00fcstakbel hisse \u015feklinde hukuk\u00ee ortakl\u0131kt\u0131r. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyete, birden fazla ki\u015fi birlikte ortakt\u0131r ve bu m\u00fclkiyet paylar belirlenmemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan genel bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r.[64]<\/a><\/p>\n 4. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette her bir pay tapu sicilinde payda\u015flar\u0131 da belirtilerek, m\u00fclk\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yere i\u015flenir. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette sahipler yaz\u0131l\u0131r ama paylar\u0131n i\u015flenmesi diye bir kay\u0131t s\u00f6z konusu olmaz.<\/p>\n 5. Bu t\u00fcr ortakl\u0131klarla ilgili davalar\u0131n<\/a>, ortak maliklerin hepsi taraf\u0131ndan birlikte veya hepsine kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.[65]<\/a><\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u015ftirak halinde m\u00fclkiyette\u2026m\u00fclkiyetin bu \u00f6zelli\u011finden dolay\u0131 ortaklar aras\u0131nda zorunlu dava arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[66]<\/a><\/p>\n Yarg\u0131tay da mal ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcyesinin elbirli\u011fi mal\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 istihkak veya el atman\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/a> (ya da ecrimisil<\/a> veya tahliye<\/a>) gibi davada; di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n izin ya da icazetlerini aramaktad\u0131r.[67]<\/a> Ortaklar\u0131n birisinin di\u011ferine ya da di\u011ferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7acaklar\u0131 tazminat, kullan\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi davalarda bu kurala uyulmas\u0131na gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r.[68]<\/a> Nitekim, \u201celbirli\u011fi ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaklardan her birinin birlikte hareketi gerektiren y\u00f6netim ve tasarruf i\u015flemleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanma ve yararlanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na veya m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullanma ve yararlanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durumun bertaraf edilmesine\/tazminine y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcracaatta bulunabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[69]<\/a><\/p>\n 6. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet kapsam\u0131ndaki pay\u0131n, payda\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan devri gibi i\u015flemlere konu olmas\u0131nda engel yoktur. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette ise, her bir ortak, -\u00f6zellikle miras ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda- ileride kendisine d\u00fc\u015fecek pay\u0131n hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ortaklardan birisine devredebilir. 3. ki\u015filere bu \u015fekilde bir devir, devredenin h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rmaz; devredenin (h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki) pay\u0131n\u0131n devralana, tasfiye sonras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 3. ki\u015filere hemen sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak \u015fekilde bir devir s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n 7. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetin sona erme sebeplerinden birisi, \u201cortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi\u201dni (=\u201dizalei \u015fuyu\u201du)<\/a> gerektiren i\u015flemler ve y\u00f6ntemlerdir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette \u00f6rne\u011fin miras\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lara ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u00fclkiyetle sonu\u00e7lanacak \u015fekilde ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetle benzerlik arzeder. Fakat payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetten farkl\u0131 olarak, evlilikte edinilmi\u015f mallara ortakl\u0131k gibi \u015fekillerdeki elbirli\u011fi ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, tasfiyesi ya da t\u00fcm ortaklar\u0131n oybirli\u011fiyle payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet stat\u00fcs\u00fcne ge\u00e7irilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 8. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet kapsam\u0131ndaki paylar, payda\u015flar\u0131 muhatap al\u0131narak hacze ya da rehne konu olabilirken; elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet ancak t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde ve t\u00fcm malikler muhatap al\u0131narak rehnolunabilir (TMK., m. 827). Elbirli\u011fi (=\u0130\u015ftirak halinde) m\u00fclkiyette, herhangi bir pay\u0131n rehni i\u00e7in, elbirli\u011fi(=i\u015ftirak halinde) m\u00fclkiyetin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek, (-i\u015ftirak halindeki m\u00fclkiyet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131; b\u00f6ylece-) m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclkiyete ya da m\u00fcstakil m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gereklidir.[70]<\/a><\/p>\n 9. Payl\u0131 ortakl\u0131kta her bir payda\u015f\u0131n pay\u0131 oran\u0131nda alel\u00e2de sorumlu\u011fu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn iken; elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyette bu sorumluluk daima m\u00fcteselsildir. [71]<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Yazarlar:<\/p>\n Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman\u00a0 e posta: rderdiman@hukukiyaklasim.com<\/p>\n Av. Emirhan Derdiman\u00a0 Bursa Barosu, Tel: 0 224 909 1453<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1-)\u00a0 Bu makalenin\/yaz\u0131n\u0131n, yasalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7, r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n 2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/p>\n R. Cengiz Derdiman-Emirhan Derdiman, \u201c<\/em>Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ve elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetten farklar\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. <\/em>Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n \u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n 3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka:<\/p>\n Kaynak:\u00a0 R. Cengiz Derdiman-Emirhan Derdiman, \u201c<\/em>Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ve elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetten farklar\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/p>\n \u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n [1] \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, R. Cengiz, Hukuk Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, <\/em>G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131 Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2015, s. 378.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: Capelle, Karl-Hermann, B\u00fcrgerliches Recht Sachenrecht<\/em> , Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 1963, s. 28.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Akipek, Jale, T\u00fcrk E\u015fya Hukuku II Ayn\u00ee Haklar M\u00fclkiyet, <\/em>2. Bask\u0131, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1973, s. 22.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gschnitzer, Franz, Sachenrecht,<\/em> Springer-Verlag GmbH Wien, 1968, s. 68.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eren, Fikret, M\u00fclkiyet Hukuku, <\/em>2. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2012, s. 84, 85.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Banka hesaplar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde \u00f6rnek karar: Dan\u0131\u015ftay 13. Dairesi E: 2014\/1357, K: 2017\/1867, 07.06.2017.<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eren, s. 85<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Esener, Turhan-G\u00fcven, Kudret, E\u015fya Hukuku,<\/em> geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2012,\u00a0 s. 177.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, Turgut, Meden\u00ee Hukuk, <\/em>Geni\u015fletilen 12. Bask\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006, s. 423.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Akipek, s. 22.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Meder, Stephan- Czelk, Andrea, Grundwissen Sachenrecht <\/em>2., \u00fcberarbeitete Auflage Mohr Siebeck T\u00fcbingen, 2008, s. 46.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Wieling, Hans Jozef, Sachenrecht, Band: I, Sachen, Besitz und Rechte an beweglichen Sachen<\/em>, Zweite., vollst\u00e6ndig \u00fcberarbeitete Auflage, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 2006, s. 282, 283, 749; Iro, Gert, B\u00fcrgerliches Recht, IV Sachen Recht, 3., aktualisierte Auflage, Springer Verlag, Wien, 2008, s. 79.<\/p>\n [13]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Mugele, Karl, Sachenrecht,<\/em> Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 1955, s. 33.<\/p>\n [14]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Sirmen, Lale, E\u015fya Hukuku<\/em>, 2. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2014, s. 315. Emsal karara g\u00f6re, \u201cPayda\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan payda\u015f\u0131n payda\u015f aleyhine \u00f6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamaz.\u201d Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u2013 E: 2012\/198, K: 2012\/702, 10.10.2012 (https:\/\/barandogan.av.tr, 29.08.2020).<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Palamut, Mehmet E. Meden\u00ee Hukuk<\/em>, 2. Bask\u0131, Alfa-Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2011, s. 352.\u00d6nal\u0131m hakk\u0131 payda\u015fa, yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131 almak konusunda \u00f6ncelikli hak verir. Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2003\/8200,K: 2003\/8240, 10.11.2003, nakleden: Palamut, s. 352.<\/p>\n [16]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin: Yarg\u0131tay 6. Hukuk Dairesi, E: 2012\/5928, K: 2012\/91212, 18.06.2012 (https:\/\/barandogan.av.tr, 29.08.2020)<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, Bilge, Meden\u00ee Hukukun Temel Kavramlar\u0131, <\/em>35. Bask\u0131, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara, 2011, s. 775<\/p>\n [18]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, s. 778<\/p>\n [19]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Sirmen, s. 313.<\/p>\n [20]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, s. 777. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Meder-Czelk, s. 47.<\/p>\n [21]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u2026Ancak, hesap \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan, kendisi ve 3. maddede say\u0131lan ki\u015filer ad\u0131na m\u00fc\u015ftereken a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa bu durumda, m\u00fcnferit imza yetkisi, hesab\u0131n taraf\u0131 olan ki\u015filerin herbirine sadece hesap \u00fczerinde diledi\u011fi \u015fekilde tasarruf etme yetkisi verdi\u011finden, bu hesab\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle tasfiyesi h\u00e2linde bu ki\u015filerin (pay oran\u0131na ili\u015fkin aksi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa) paylar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fcyle taraf\u0131na \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen ki\u015finin pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekecektir.\u201d Dan\u0131\u015ftay 13. Dairesi E: 2014\/1357, K: 2017\/1867, 07.06.2017.<\/p>\n [22]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u201cTa\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n kullanma bi\u00e7imi\u00a0t\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u00a0aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan bir anla\u015fma ile belirlenmi\u015f ya da fiili bir kullanma bi\u00e7imi olu\u015fmu\u015f, uzun s\u00fcre payda\u015flar bu durumu benimsemi\u015flerse kay\u0131tta payl\u0131, eylemsel olarak (fiilen) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bu olu\u015fumun tapuda yap\u0131lacak resm\u00ee taksime veya ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f suretiyle giderilmesine yahut o yerde bir imar uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar\u00a0korunmas\u0131, “ahde vefa” kural\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda TMK’n\u0131n 2. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen iyi niyet kural\u0131n\u0131n da bir gere\u011fidir.\u201d Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, E: 2008\/1-618, K:2008\/614, 08.10.2008 (http:\/\/www.ilhanhelvacidersleri.com, 29.08.2020).<\/p>\n \u201cT\u00fcm payda\u015flar\u0131 ba\u011flayan harici taksim ya da fiili payla\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imi bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6yle bir taksim veya payla\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imi bulundu\u011fu takdirde \u00e7eki\u015fmeli d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n kimin pay\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fclendi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, aksi halde payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi,\u201d gerekir. Hukuk Genel Kurulu E: 2010\/1-279 K:\u00a0 2010\/306 (https:\/\/www.kararara.com, 29.08.2020)<\/p>\n [23]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Sirmen, s. 361, 317.<\/p>\n [24]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131, E: 1946\/28 K: 1946\/16, 27.11.1946, nakleden: Sirmen, s. 317.<\/p>\n [25]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 O\u011fuzman, M. Kemal-Seli\u00e7i, \u00d6zer-Oktay \u00d6zdemir, Saibe, E\u015fya Hukuku, 16. T\u0131pk\u0131 Bas\u0131m, Filiz Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul 2013, s. 327, 328.<\/p>\n [26]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, s. 379.<\/p>\n [27]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Kurulu, E. 1941\/13-1942\/30 K. 1944\/24, 21.06.1944 (http:\/\/www.ilhanhelvaciesyahukuku.com\/<\/a> (25.08.2020)<\/p>\n [28]<\/a> \u00a0 Derdiman, s. 380.<\/p>\n [29]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Esener-G\u00fcven, s. 179.<\/p>\n [30]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 O\u011fuzman vd., s. 351.<\/p>\n [31]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u201cZilyetli\u011fin m\u00fc\u015fterek m\u00fclk\u00fcn sadece bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kaideten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\u201d\u00a0 (Akipek, s. 27). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyette paylar soyut omas\u0131 zilyetli\u011fi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n [32]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Geschnitzer, s. 69.<\/p>\n [33]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Iro, s. 78.<\/p>\n [34]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Iro, s. 78; Wieling, s. 283; \u00d6ztan, s. 778.<\/p>\n [35]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, s. 775.<\/p>\n [36]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, s. 423<\/p>\n [37]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, s. 379.<\/p>\n [38]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 O\u011fuzman vd., s. 329<\/p>\n [39]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u015eeng\u00f6z, \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131, Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyet Kavram\u0131 ve Payl\u0131 M\u00fclkiyetin Sona Ermesi, <\/em>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00d6zel Hukuk Anabilim Dal\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2017, s. 75, 76; Wilhelm, Jan, Sachenrecht,<\/em> Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin\/New York, 2010, s. 428. .<\/p>\n [40]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Esener-G\u00fcven, s. 177.<\/p>\n [41]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Eren, s. 95.<\/p>\n [42]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 O\u011fuzman vd., s. 331.<\/p>\n [43]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 O\u011fuzman vd., s. 334.<\/p>\n [44]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Esener-G\u00fcven, s. 187.<\/p>\n [45]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihat\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131, E. 1, K. 3, 14.03.1960, naklenden: Sirmen, s. 340.<\/p>\n [46]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, s. 379.<\/p>\n [47]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Dan\u0131\u015ftay 15. Dairesi, E: 2015\/7095, \u00a0K: 2018\/1270, 07\/02\/2018<\/p>\n [48]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Meder-Czelk, s. 47.<\/p>\n [49]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Anayasa Mahkemesi,\u00a0 E. 2014\/162 K.\u00a02015\/47,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 13.5.2015<\/p>\n [50]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Geschnitzer, s. 13.<\/p>\n [51]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, s. 785, 786.<\/p>\n [52]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Iro, s. 77<\/p>\n [53]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, s. 424.<\/p>\n [54]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, s. 379, 380.<\/p>\n [55]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Bunlar adi \u015firket h\u00fckm\u00fcndedirler. Bkz: Bayrakl\u0131, 120.<\/p>\n [56]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Mavituna, R\u0131za-\u00d6ktem, \u0130mran,: Kolektif M\u00fclkiyetten \u0130\u015ftirak Halinde M\u00fclkiyet, <\/em>G\u00fcven Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1946, s. 10, 11.<\/p>\n [57]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Wieling, s. 282.<\/p>\n [58]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Meier-Hayoz, Arthur, Das Sachenrecht, 1. Abteilung, Das Eigentum,<\/em> Verlag St\u00e6mpeli&CIE, Bern, 1966, s. 513.<\/p>\n [59]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ztan, s. 786.<\/p>\n [60]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Erman, Hasan, E\u015fya Hukuku Dersleri,<\/em> G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 2. Bask\u0131, Der yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2012, s. 78.<\/p>\n [61]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0 Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk, s. 424, 425; Derdiman, s. 381.<\/p>\n1.2. \u201cGenel\u201dlik, kay\u0131t ve payda\u015flar aras\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h4>\n
2. Pay ve Payda\u015flar\u0131yla ilgisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet<\/h4>\n
3. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet kapsam\u0131nda payda\u015flar\u0131n hak, yetki ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/h4>\n
3.1. Pay\u0131n devri<\/h4>\n
3.2. Pay\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n
3.3. Pay\u0131n idaresi<\/h4>\n
3.4. Pay\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
4. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczerindeki tasarruflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle belirlenmesi hali<\/h3>\n
5. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ile ilgili giderler ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler<\/h3>\n
5.1. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/h4>\n
5.1.1. Sona erme halleri ve iyi niyetli kazan\u0131m<\/u><\/h5>\n
5.1.2. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme<\/u><\/h5>\n
(1) Paydan feragat ya da pay\u0131n devri<\/u><\/h5>\n
(2) Payda\u015flara b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme<\/u><\/h5>\n
(3) Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetin sat\u0131m\u0131ndan elde edilen paran\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/u><\/h5>\n
5.2. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fczerindeki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ayn\u00ee haklar<\/h4>\n
6. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ile elbirli\u011fi (=i\u015ftirak halinde) m\u00fclkiyetin mukayesesi<\/h4>\n
6.1. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgi<\/h4>\n
6.1.1. Tan\u0131m ve kapsam<\/h4>\n
6.1.2. Kanunda dayanma ve kanunla belirlenme<\/h4>\n
6.1.3. Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetteki \u201cm\u00fcstakbel pay\u201d\u0131n sona ermesi<\/h4>\n
6.2. Sonu\u00e7 yerine:<\/h4>\n
Elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetin payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen stat\u00fcden farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri<\/h4>\n
6.2.1. Stat\u00fc, pay, kullan\u0131m<\/h4>\n
6.2.2. Dava Ehliyeti<\/h4>\n
6.2.3. Payl\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet ve elbirli\u011fi m\u00fclkiyetin sona ermesi, devir<\/h4>\n
6.2.4. Haciz, rehin, sorumluluk<\/h4>\n
Dikkat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h4>\n
<\/a>Dipnotlar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u>:<\/h4>\n
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