{"id":2286,"date":"2022-04-19T16:16:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/?p=2286"},"modified":"2022-04-19T16:16:40","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T13:16:40","slug":"kanuni-idare-ilkesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kanuni \u0130dare ilkesinin incelendi\u011fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve faaliyetlerinin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 ve kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gere\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlamada kanuni idare ilkesi, idarenin kanun h\u00e2kimiyetine girmesini anlatm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130darenin te\u015fkilatl\u00e2nmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlerinde kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunun tarifinde \u015fekli kanun kriteri esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re kanun; yasama organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, milletin temsilcilerin \u201ckanun\u201d ad\u0131yla ve kanunun kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in belirlenen usullere uygun olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan hukuk metnidir. Demokrasilerde ger\u00e7ek anlamda kanunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, yasama organ\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin ger\u00e7ek anlamda Milleti temsil etmelerine; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6z, oy ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini hi\u00e7bir korku, endi\u015fe, bask\u0131 veya etki alt\u0131nda kalmadan yaln\u0131zca milletin menfaatlerine g\u00f6zeterek \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ileri s\u00fcrebilmelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunlar\u0131n uygulanabilmeleri i\u00e7in, kanun i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen usullere g\u00f6re umuma (\u2248halka, kamuoyuna)  duyurulmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunun maddi boyutu yani i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zelikler de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. Buna g\u00f6re de kanun; genel, objektif, konu olarak kapsam\u0131na giren herkese uygulanabilen ve kamusal menfaati ama\u00e7layan hukuk metinleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi, idari te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini gerektirmektedir. D\u00fczenlemenin de ne kadar detayl\u0131 ya da y\u00fczeysel olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ba\u015fvurulacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct i\u00e7in; konunun idarenin takdir yetkisine ili\u015fkin \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin somut olarak belirlenmesi esas al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi, idari te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revlerin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131n\u0131 mecburi k\u0131lar. \u0130dare de kanunda yer alan g\u00f6revleri yapar. Ancak, kanunun idareye verdi\u011fi takdir yetkisinin hukuka uygun olmas\u0131, kanunda genel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin, konunun ve ilkelerin somut olarak belirlenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara uymayan kanun h\u00fckm\u00fc Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur. B\u00f6yle bir kanunu Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi idarenin sadece kanuna de\u011fil, hukuka uygunlu\u011funu da gerektirir. \u0130dare, kanuna uygun olarak idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem yapabilir ve idari makamlar bunlara uyarlar. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sisteminde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fctme ilgili konularda kararname \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130darenin hukuka uygunlu\u011funun bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli boyutunu da asli d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem mahiyetindeki Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri te\u015fkil eder. Kanuni idare ilkesi, idarenin eylem ve i\u015flemlerinin; 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re, kanuna dayanmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecek Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine de uygunlu\u011fu gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kararnameler kanunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamazlar; kanunla d\u00fczenlenen bir konuda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamazlar ve sonradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nla bir kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 halinde h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131rlar.\u00a0 Anayasada m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri Anayasan\u0131n 15. maddesindeki usul ve \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yeni sistemde kanuni idare idari te\u015fkilat ve faaliyetlerin, kanuna ve kanuna dayanmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmalar\u0131; bunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuya ili\u015fkin tafsilat a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi, Kanunilik ve Kanunla D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1.1. Terim Sorunu \u201cKanuni \u0130dare\u201d mi \u201cYasal \u0130dare\u201d mi?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Hukukumuzda \u201ckanuni idare\u201d ve \u201cyasal idare\u201d e\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde \u201cyasa\u201d ya da \u201cyasal\u201d deyimine yer vermemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk devlet gelene\u011finde \u201cyasa\u201d terimi toplum hayat\u0131nda t\u00f6re diye de adland\u0131r\u0131lan temel d\u00fczen kurallar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r.[1]<\/a> Yasa, \u201ceski T\u00fcrklerde en geni\u015f anlamda kanun\u201d[2]<\/a> anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu hukukunda yasama organ\u0131nca toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in milli iradeyi temsilen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan metinler \u201ckanun\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[3]<\/a> Mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda, bu temel kurallara \u201cyasa\u201d de\u011fil; \u201ckanun\u201d ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Anayasam\u0131zda, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine(=TBMM\u2019ye) verilen g\u00f6rev ve yetki i\u00e7inde \u201cyasa\u201d \u00e7\u0131karmak de\u011fil, \u201ckanun\u201d \u00e7\u0131karmak vard\u0131r; \u201cyasa\u201d terimi Anayasada kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple TBMM \u201ckanun\u201dlar\u0131 \u201cyasa\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda da \u00e7\u0131karamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplumsal hayatta yasa terimi ile kanun terimi e\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hatta belki de, \u201ckanuni idare\u201d teriminden daha \u00e7ok \u201cyasal idare\u201d terimi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise s\u0131rf Anayasal deyimlere uyum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u201cyasa\u201d yerine \u201ckanun\u201d deyimi tercih edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2. Kanuni \u0130dare Teriminin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
1.2.1. Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cKanunilik\u201d ve \u201cKanunla D\u00fczenleme\u201d<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
1.2.1.1. \u201cKanunilik\u201d \u0130lkesinin Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Anlam\u0131<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kanunilik prensibi idarenin kanuna uymas\u0131; idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revlerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi; idarenin kanun h\u00e2kimiyetine girmesi;[4]<\/a> kanunun idarece \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve idarenin kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 ve kanunla kay\u0131tl\u0131 olmas\u0131 anlamlar\u0131na gelmektedir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c1-) \u0130darenin bir konuda yetki kullanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kanunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c2-) \u0130darenin, mevcut bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn l\u00e2fz\u0131ndan ve ruhundan ayr\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGerektirir.\u201d[6]<\/a> \u0130darenin kanunun uygulanmas\u0131nda lafz\u0131 ve ruhuyla ayr\u0131lmamas\u0131, \u201ckanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d addolunabilir.\u201d[7]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesinin, idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanma ve g\u00f6revleri \u015feklindeki 2 boyutu esas alarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Buna g\u00f6re, kanuni idare ilkesi idarenin, hem kanunla olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 hem de idari g\u00f6revlerinin kanunda g\u00f6sterilmesidir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunilik prensibi yaln\u0131z kanuna de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hukuka uymay\u0131 da kapsar. \u0130darenin kanunili\u011fi, idarenin i\u015fleminin[9]<\/a> de \u00fcst\u00fcndeki idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015fleme uymas\u0131n\u0131; bu uyumun kanun alt\u0131ndaki i\u015flemin de kanuna uygunlu\u011fa kadar devam etmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130darenin kanunili\u011fi prensibinin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, Anayasada ilk-el Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131 veren konular\u0131[10]<\/a> da nazara almak gerekecektir.\u00a0 Buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Yasall\u0131k ya da) kanunilik, idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revlerinin, kanuna ve \u2013asli(=ilk-el) d\u00fczenleme yetkisiyle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak- Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerine dayanmas\u0131; ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131; bunlarla kay\u0131tlanmas\u0131; ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arada, idarenin faaliyetlerini finanse edece\u011fi harcamalar\u0131n kanunda yer almas\u0131; idarenin harcamalar\u0131nda da kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir.[12]<\/a> Kald\u0131 ki b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131, t\u00fcm gelir ve giderlere halk ad\u0131na ve halk yarar\u0131na olmak \u00fczere, yasaman\u0131n karar vermesi b\u00fct\u00e7e hakk\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fidir.[13]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1.2. Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cKanunla D\u00fczenleme\u201dnin \u015eart\u0131n\u0131n Anlam\u0131<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kanunla d\u00fczenleme, kamu hizmetlerinin ve idari faaliyetlerin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini gerektirmektedir. Bununla birlikte \u0130darenin kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, idari te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanma ve faaliyetlerin kanunda ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinde t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131yla belirlenmesini gerektirmedi\u011fi;[14]<\/a> a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131kta[15]<\/a> de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201ckanunla d\u00fczenleme ilkesi; d\u00fczenlenen alanda temel ilkeleri kanuna yazma ve \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir.\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa ve idare hukukunda yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan \u201ckanuni d\u00fczenleme\u201d deyimini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) D\u00fczenlemenin kanunla;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla tesis edilen yeni Anayasal sistemde Anayasada g\u00f6sterilen m\u00fcnhas\u0131r hallerde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ilk-el Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnameleriyle de;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131labilmesi \u015feklinde geni\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve anlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni sistemde, idareye verilecek olan ve daha \u00f6nceden kanuna konu olmam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rev ve faaliyetler; ve ayr\u0131ca m\u00fcnhas\u0131rsan kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gereken konular, bir kanunla d\u00fczenlenmedik\u00e7e, y\u00fcr\u00fctme\/idare taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenemezler ve uygulanamazlar.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Daha evvel bir kanunla konulmam\u0131\u015f veya d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f hi\u00e7bir kamu hizmeti veya idari faaliyet, idare taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilmeyecek; y\u00fcr\u00fctme taraf\u0131ndan idareye g\u00f6rev ve yetki olarak verilemeyecektir. [18]<\/a> [19]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haklar\u0131 ihl\u00e2l edici her bir tedbir ve i\u015flem; m\u00fcdahalenin etki g\u00fcc\u00fc az da olsa, mutlaka yasal bir dayanak gerektirir.[20]<\/a> Temel haklara ve m\u00fclkiyete y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n yasama organ\u0131nca kanun ile yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi anlay\u0131\u015flar[21]<\/a> s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmesini zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTemel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 rejimini d\u00fczenleyen Anayasa’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin \u201cancak kanunla\u201d<\/em> s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi temel bir ilke olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir. \/Kanun\u2026TBMM taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen kanun yapma usullerine uyularak yap\u0131lan i\u015flemdir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvence sa\u011flar.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin emsal karar\u0131nda[23]<\/a> oldu\u011fu gibi, yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde adalet, hakkaniyet ve kamu yarar\u0131 ve Anayasan\u0131n di\u011fer kurallar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilmelidir. Kanunlarda (ve di\u011fer d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerde), hukukun d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve iyiniyet gibi genel ilkelerinin etki g\u00fcc\u00fc de, hukuki s\u0131n\u0131rlara uygun olmak kayd\u0131yla muteberdir.[24]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201chukuk k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lan hakk\u0131 korumaz.\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin ve idarenin kanuna ve\/veya Anayasaya, yasaman\u0131n da Anayasaya kar\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte hukuka uygun ama esasta\/i\u00e7erikte ayk\u0131r\u0131 usulleri, teknik hukuki tabirle \u201ckanuna kar\u015f\u0131 hile\u201ddirler.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKanuna kar\u015f\u0131 hile\u201d bir hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furdu\u011funda hukuka ve Anayasan\u0131n 14. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fur. Anayasa Mahkemesinin emsal karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Anayasan\u0131n 14.maddesi, \u201cbir hakk\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 zarara sokacak \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d;[27]<\/a> \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir yasal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olmasa bile, kanunun himayesinden mahrum etmektedir.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin siyasal partilerin ittifaklara s\u0131rf se\u00e7im baraj\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurabilmelerine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flayan yasal usul\u00fcn, Anayasan\u0131n 14. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr bir durum olmaktad\u0131r. Yine \u00f6rne\u011fin: Anayasa Mahkemesinin emsal karar\u0131ndan, \u00f6zel af niteli\u011findeki bir d\u00fczenlemenin; Anayasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funluktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in \u015fartla sal\u0131verme \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[28]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2.1.3. Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015eekli ve Maddi Kanun<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesine i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131ran \u201ckanun\u201dun tarifinde \u201c\u015fekli kanun\u201d kriteri esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re kanun, milletin temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan yasama organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, \u201ckanun\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve kanunun kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in gereken usullere uyularak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan hukuk metnidir. \u00dclkemizde kanun \u00e7\u0131karmak Anayasan\u0131n 87. maddesine g\u00f6re TBMM\u2019nin g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi d\u00e2hilindedir. Anayasa bu yetkinin ba\u015fka organlara devrini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(m.7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokrasilerde \u201cger\u00e7ek anlamda kanun\u201dlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, yasama organ\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin Milleti ger\u00e7ek anlamda temsil etmelerine; ve ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z, oy ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini hi\u00e7bir korku, endi\u015fe, bask\u0131 veya etki alt\u0131nda kalmadan yaln\u0131zca Milletin menfaatlerini g\u00f6zeterek ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ileri s\u00fcrebilmelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tekrar se\u00e7ilememek ve benzeri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc endi\u015fe, korku, etkileme ve bask\u0131, serbest iradeyi olumsuz etkileme riski ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temsilcilerin s\u00f6z oy ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde serbestliklerin mevcudiyeti, \u00f6ncelikle bu konuda Anayasal ve yasal g\u00fcvencelerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Se\u00e7im sistemi, aday belirleme usulleri, siyasal parti disiplini ve benzeri hususlardaki d\u00fczenlemeler, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla g\u00fcvenceyi sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yabilirler. Ancak, bu g\u00fcvenceler tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmayacaklard\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan as\u0131l hassasiyet, Milletin se\u00e7ti\u011fi temsilcilere d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu da, Milletin se\u00e7ti\u011fi temsilcilerin s\u00f6z, oy ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde; ettikleri yemine uygun ve s\u0131rf Milletin menfaatlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015fekilde davranmalar\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda kanunlar\u0131n uygulanabilmeleri, kanun i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen usullere g\u00f6re umuma (\u2248halka, kamuoyuna)\u00a0 duyurulmalar\u0131na da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Maddi kanun yani kanunun maddi olarak i\u00e7eri\u011fi de \u201ckanun\u201dun mevcudiyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctt\u00fcr. Nitekim bir kanunun Anayasa uygunlu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan; kanunun maddi boyutu yani i\u00e7erik olarak ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken nitelikler ve \u00f6zellikler de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. Maddi kanun; genel, soyut, objektif, konu olarak kapsam\u0131na giren herkese ayr\u0131m yapmadan uygulanmas\u0131 gereken ve kamusal menfaati ama\u00e7layan bir hukuk metnidir. \u201cGenel hukuk kurallar\u0131, yasalar\u0131n genel, soyut, nesnel(=objektif) olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Yasalar\u0131n bu \u00f6\u011felere uygun olmas\u0131 hukuk devleti ilkesinin de ko\u015fullar\u0131ndand\u0131r(=\u015fartlar\u0131ndand\u0131r).\u201d[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u015eekli kanun kriterlerine uygun bir hukuk metninin(=kanunun), i\u00e7erik olarak da, \u201ckanunun i\u00e7erece\u011fi maddi \u00f6zellik ve niteliklere\u201d sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Anayasa Mahkemesinin iptal kararlar\u0131ndan da \u015fekli olarak mevcut bir kanunun yukar\u0131da belirtilen maddi i\u00e7eriklerindeki eksiklikler iptal gerek\u00e7eleri i\u00e7inde yer almaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 4616 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanundaki \u015fartla sal\u0131vermenin, 23. Nisan 1999\u2019dan 2000\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihe kadar i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Anayasa Mahkemesi 23. Nisan 1999\u2019dan evvelki tarihlerde su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen ayn\u0131 durumdaki ki\u015filere uygulanmay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Kararda gerek\u00e7e olarak da kanunun ayr\u0131m yapmadan herkese uygulanabilirli\u011fi, k\u0131sacas\u0131 e\u015fitlik ilkesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.[30]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikkat \u00e7eken ikinci bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse: 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 110. maddesindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikle 70 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolduranlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131n\u0131n konutlar\u0131nda \u00e7ektirilmesine karar verilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 5462 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun, TBMM\u2019ye geri g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ade gerek\u00e7eleri i\u00e7inde bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn; \u201cbir siyasal parti eski genel ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u2026 \u00fczerine ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Hazine yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00f6demeden cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz\u0131n\u0131 evinde sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2026 bir ger\u00e7ektir\u201d gerek\u00e7esine de yer verilmi\u015ftir.[31]<\/a>\u00a0 TBMM\u2019ce tekrar ve aynen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5485 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun hakk\u0131nda bu gerek\u00e7eye de yer verilerek iptal isteminde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Anayasa Mahkemesi ise iptal istemini reddetmi\u015ftir.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerinin Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki Konumlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Anayasal D\u00fczenlemelerle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Asli D\u00fczenleme Yetkisine Dayanarak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi \u00c7\u0131karabilece\u011fi Konular<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

2.1.1. Konuya Has (=\u00d6zg\u00fc) Anayasal H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Anayasaya 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla eklenen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n\u00a0 104\/9., 106\/11., 108\/4. ve 118\/6. maddelerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 konularda, bir kanuni dayana\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan, asli ve ilk-el d\u00fczenleme yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri de, kanunla veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle de kurulabilir(m. 123\/3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesine g\u00f6re, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, kendisiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015facak kanuni bir d\u00fczenlemenin bulunmamas\u0131 ve konunun m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi kapsamda olmamas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla;\u00a0 y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri, sonradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir kanunla \u00e7eli\u015fen y\u00f6nleri itibar\u0131yla da h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale geleceklerdir. Ki\u015fi haklar\u0131 ve siyasal haklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temel haklar, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ile d\u00fczenlenebilirler. Hi\u00e7bir temel hak, kanun olmaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanamaz. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerde Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri, temel haklar\u0131n Anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 15. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak kayd\u0131yla, durumun gerektirdi\u011fi kadar geni\u015fletebilir. Bunlar TBMM\u2019ye Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn sunulmazlarsa h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale gelirler. TBMM\u2019nde 3 ay i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcp kanunla\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131nda da kendiliklerinden kalkarlar.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2. Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. Maddesinin Konusu  \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
2.1.2.1. Konuya 104\/17. Maddesinin Sadece T\u00fcrevsel D\u00fczenleme Yetkisini Kapsa(ma)d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Bir De\u011ferlendirme<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesi, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyle ilgili olan ve yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 4 \u00f6zel Anayasal h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan konularda da \u2013asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda, kanuna dayanmadan ve ilk-el nitelikli- Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karmaya izin verir \u015fekilde yorumlanmaya elveri\u015flidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Anayasada aksi bir a\u00e7\u0131k istisna yoktur. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn kapsam\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rf t\u00fcrevsel d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu maddenin s\u0131rf t\u00fcrevsel d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere dayanak te\u015fkil etti\u011finin[33]<\/a> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek olmas\u0131; s\u0131rf kanunlar\u0131n ya da asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren (-y\u00f6netmelik, y\u00f6nerge, genelge, karar ya da ba\u015fka adlar alt\u0131ndaki) d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flemlerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesine imk\u00e2n verdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n bir karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; idarenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem yapma yetkisi, kanunla kendisine verilen g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131nda d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisini de m\u00fcndemi\u00e7tir (=i\u00e7erir). Ayn\u0131 karara g\u00f6re: \u201c\u0130dareye yasayla verilen g\u00f6revin ifa edilmesinde yararlan\u0131lacak ara\u00e7lardan biri olan d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin, g\u00f6revli olunan alanda dahi kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 ve bu suretle g\u00f6revin gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirilememesi sonucunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r.\u201d[34]<\/a> \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi de bir karar\u0131nda 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131ndaki i\u00e7tihad\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak; \u201cAnayasa\u2019da CBK\u2019larla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konulara ili\u015fkin Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin verdi\u011fi hususlarda CBK\u2019larla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir.\u201d[35]<\/a> yorumunu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde, Anayasada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hallerde kanun h\u00e2kimiyetinin milli egemenlik ve hukuk devleti ilkelerine daha uygun oldu\u011fu; bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn de bu sebeple t\u00fcrevsel yetki verdi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekebilir; \u00a0hatta b\u00f6yle bir yorum, bu sebeple bir anlamda hakl\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa koyucunun abesle i\u015ftigal etmeyece\u011fi, Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yorumlamada kabul g\u00f6ren bir ilkedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, 104\/17 madde h\u00fck\u00fcmde yer alan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) Kanunla d\u00fczenlenen ve\/veya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) Anayasada m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin\/idarenin zaten kanuna dayanmas\u0131 mecburi olan t\u00fcrevsel i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kanuna dayanan(=t\u00fcrevsel nitelikli) idari i\u015flemdeki d\u00fczenleme marj\u0131n\u0131 ve idareye verilen takdir yetkisinin \u00e7er\u00e7evesini, (dayanak)kanunun kendisi zaten \u00e7izmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki, 104\/17. maddede ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinden bahsedilmesi de; bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili konularda, asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisine de dayanak olaca\u011f\u0131 yorumunu hakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

104\/18. maddede Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na y\u00f6netmelik \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisinin ayr\u0131ca verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da; 104\/17. maddenin, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili t\u00fcm konularda asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisini d\u00fczenlemeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2.2. 104\/17. Maddesine, Anayasada Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi \u0130mkan\u0131 Veren \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmlere Uygulanabilirli\u011fi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bak\u0131\u015f<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Burada Anayasada yer alan konularda kanun olmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecek Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin durumuna k\u0131saca de\u011finmek gerekir. Bu kararnameler y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin asli d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemleri niteli\u011findedirler. Ancak bir kanunla \u00e7eli\u015fecek ya da sonradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak bir kanunla \u00e7eli\u015fik hale gelen bu Kararnameler h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131rlar. Bu konular\u0131n her birisi, Anayasan\u0131n, an\u0131lan 104\/17. maddesinden farkl\u0131 olarak, 104\/9., 106\/11., 108\/4. ve 118\/6. olmak \u00fczere, ayr\u0131 maddelerde ya da f\u0131kralarda (\u2248paragraflarda) d\u00fczenlenmi\u015flerdir. Anayasan\u0131n bu sistemati\u011finden, 104\/17. maddenin; 104\/9., 106\/11., 108\/4. ve 118\/6. maddelere g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir yoruma var\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Fakat 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun TBMM\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde ve sunuldu\u011fu halkoyunda yap\u0131lan kabul y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki konu\u015fma, miting ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc beyanatlarda; kanunla \u00e7eli\u015fen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin, Anayasan\u0131n hangi maddesine dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ls\u0131nlar, h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacaklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, TBMM\u2019de ve halkoyundaki bu konu\u015fma ve beyanatlardan sonra kabul oyu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u201cDolay\u0131s\u0131yla, an\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin TBMM taraf\u0131ndan kabul\u00fcnde ve halk taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131nda bu vaad ve payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.\u201d[36]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer taraftan; Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesinde \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili konular\u201dda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Anayasan\u0131n \u00f6zel olarak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmlerindeki konular da \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili konular\u201ddand\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu 104\/17. madde h\u00fckm\u00fc zaten y\u00fcr\u00fctme ile ilgili konularda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak t\u00fcm Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine uygulanabilecek mahiyet arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 104\/17. maddeyi de koydu\u011fu genel yasaklar ve d\u00fczenlemeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izen genel h\u00fck\u00fcm olarak da g\u00f6rmek gerekir. 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla Anayasaya eklenen ve yukar\u0131da belirtilen Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 yarg\u0131sal[37]<\/a> ve bilimsel[38]<\/a> i\u00e7tihatlardan; kendileriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan kanunlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya da sonradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n, bu kararnameleri ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacaklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, d\u00fczenlenmesi Anayasayla m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanuna b\u0131rak\u0131lan konularda[39]<\/a> \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnameleri de ge\u00e7ersiz olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1.2.3. Kamu T\u00fczel Ki\u015filiklerin Kurulmas\u0131 ve G\u00f6zetilecek Anayasal S\u0131n\u0131rlar<\/u><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n 123\/3. maddesine g\u00f6re kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi, kanunla veya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle kurulabilecektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) Anayasan\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fc, \u201cCBK (=Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi) ile kurulan bir\u00a0kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin CBK ile d\u00fczenlenmesini (kapsamaktad\u0131r.) \u2026Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri belli bir kamu hizmetini yerine getirmek amac\u0131yla kurulur. Bu hizmetin yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kurulmas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p te\u015fkilat yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin de belirlenmesi gerekir.\u201d[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) Kanunla kurulan ve g\u00f6revlendirilen kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle, kald\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi; g\u00f6revlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi de d\u00e2hil hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe de u\u011frat\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmde yer alan, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin kanunla veya kanunun verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k yetki ile kurulmas\u0131 kural\u0131, yerini; kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin, \u201ckanunla ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle kurulabilece\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6ndeki kurala b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi art\u0131k kanunun verdi\u011fi bir yetki ile kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi kurulabilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131; e\u015f deyi\u015fle kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi kurma konusunda yetkilendirilemeyece\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu yorumu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda, kanunla idarenin yetkilendirilebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131ndaki gerek\u00e7eleri nazara almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n 87. maddesiyle TBMM\u2019ye verilen kanun \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisinin devredilemeyece\u011fi, Anayasan\u0131n 7. maddesinden kaynaklanan zorunluluktur. Ama kanunun; genel ilkeleri, konuyu ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi somut belirlemek kayd\u0131yla Y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131 yetkilendirmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu mal\u00fbmdur. Anayasa Mahkemesi idareyi genel \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi ilkeleri ve konuyu belirtilmek kayd\u0131yla yetkilendiren kanunlar\u0131, -a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi[42]<\/a>– Anayasaya uygun bulmu\u015ftur. Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu kararlar\u0131nda yer verdi\u011fi Anayasada aksine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esini; kanunla kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi kurma yetkisi verilemeyece\u011fine dair de\u011ferlendirmesinde nazara almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu hale g\u00f6re, Anayasa Mahkemesinin (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekenler[43]<\/a> hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere;) kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi kurma yetkisinin, genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesi, konu ve ilkeleri belirtilen bir kanunla y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye verilmesini yasaklayan gerek\u00e7esine kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re, Devlet, \u00fclkesi ve milleti ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasaya g\u00f6re yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 \u00dclke kapsam\u0131nda tektir. Anayasaya g\u00f6re illerin idaresi yetki geni\u015fli\u011fi esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re Anayasa en \u00fcst idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenme olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc illeri, merkez hiyerar\u015fisinden d\u0131\u015fta tutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasada, siyasal y\u00f6nden yerinden y\u00f6netime imk\u00e2n veren hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoktur. Anayasan\u0131n 3. maddesi gere\u011fince Devletimiz \u00fclkesiyle de milletiyle de b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasan\u0131n 123\/1. maddesindeki idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revleri ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fc; \u00fcniter yap\u0131y\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasa \u00f6rne\u011fin 127 ve 130. maddelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fililiklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka kanuna kurulmas\u0131n\u0131\/d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini kurucu kanun ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleriyle; \u00dclkenin \u00fcniter b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihl\u00e2l eden nitelikte bir yerinden y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7eren kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi olu\u015fturulamayacakt\u0131r.[44]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi veya sonucu itibar\u0131yla idari y\u00f6nden yerinden y\u00f6netimi a\u015fan kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Kanun ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri Anayasan\u0131n bu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacaklard\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesine g\u00f6re kanunla kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacaklard\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin Anayasan\u0131n belirtilen bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re iptal kararlar\u0131 ise yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren ileri tarihe do\u011fru h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade edecektir. Ancak, \u00fcniter yap\u0131y\u0131 bozdu\u011fu i\u00e7in Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp de iptal edilen kanun ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ile kurulmu\u015f kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iptal karar\u0131n\u0131n geriye y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemeyecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) Burada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemleri geriye y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyecek; te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 kald\u0131rmayacak olursa, iptalin hukuksal etkisi kalmayacak ve \u00dclkenin yap\u0131s\u0131, Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelecektir. B\u00f6ylece ortaya, kurucu iktidar usullerine uygun olarak yap\u0131lmayan ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir anayasa daha \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki bir \u00fclkede 2 Anayasa olmaz ve kurucu iktidar usullerine uygun yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f hi\u00e7bir d\u00fczenleme Anayasa olamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) 2-) Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin, siyasal \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7erir \u015fekilde kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flem, yukar\u0131daki Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere a\u00e7\u0131k ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k sebebiyle yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kabul edilir. Yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki bri i\u015flem, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-) Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi Anayasaya g\u00f6re idari te\u015fkilat olmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131na, aksi hal Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; yukar\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere idari te\u015fkilat\u0131n kanunili\u011fi de \u015fartt\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, Anayasaya g\u00f6re kurulu\u015fu ve yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 kanuna ya da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesine dayanmayan idari her te\u015fkilat, do\u011frudan la\u011fvedilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-) Konuya ili\u015fkin v\u00fccut bulan kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olsa da bu konudaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Anayasaya ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7izecek; Anayasaya ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haktan bahsedilemeyecektir. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Mutlaka Kanunu Gerektiren Haller <\/h5>\n\n\n\n
2.2.1. Temel Haklar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                Anayasan\u0131n 13. maddesine g\u00f6re temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilirler. Anayasan\u0131n 13. maddesine 2001 tarihli ve 4709 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla eklenen \u201cancak\u201d kelimesi ile; temel haklar\u0131n ancak ve ancak kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi kesinlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[45]<\/a> Bu sebeple, ola\u011fan zamanlarda temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran ya da b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011fruan\/do\u011furacak konular, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleriyle \u201cd\u00fczenlenemez\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Normun insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yan alan\u0131n\u0131n daraltmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki her d\u00fczenleme, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201dd\u0131r.[46]<\/a> Temel haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan usullerin fazlala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm d\u00fczenlemeler de \u201cs\u0131n\u0131rlama\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda \u201cher d\u00fczenlemede belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde, bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Anayasa, temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler d\u00fczenlenirken ya da k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131rken, izlenecek ana kurallar\u0131 belirtme gere\u011fini duymu\u015ftur\u201d.[47]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Yeni bir d\u00fczenlemenin s\u0131n\u0131rlama i\u00e7ermemi\u015f olmas\u0131, ancak devletin sosyal ve iktisadi haklar\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6devlerinin h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdakine nazaran art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ile d\u00fczenlenebilecek konularda, yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemenin dolayl\u0131 da olsa temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olmas\u0131 ya da b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131; bu Kararnameleri Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesine g\u00f6re sosyal ve iktisadi hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin d\u00fczenlenmesini i\u00e7eren Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerindeki d\u00fczenleme de; do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlama mahiyetinde olmamal\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 da do\u011furmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hallerin gerekleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlenecek Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinde temel haklar\u0131n normal zamanlara g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 15. maddesinde belirtilen usul, s\u0131n\u0131r ve \u015fartlar d\u00e2hilinde geni\u015fletilebilir. Bu konudaki ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. ve 119. maddelerinde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.2. \u00a0Devletin Hukuksal B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kapsam\u0131ndaki Te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanma ve Faaliyetlerinin Kanunla D\u00fczenlenmesi\u00a0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ili\u015fkin olsa bile Devletin hukuksal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken i\u015f ve i\u015flemler; -nitelik olarak \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d kapsam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle-, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmelidirler. Konuyu bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmalar\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlendirilmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6rnekleyen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re;[48]<\/a> \u00f6rne\u011fin Bakanl\u0131klar Devlet t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin tamamlayan par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131rlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bakanl\u0131klar\u0131, i\u015flevleri farkl\u0131 da olsa Devletin hukuksal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rmek gerekir. Bu sebeple, Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revlerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal b\u00f6yle de olsa, Anayasan\u0131n 106\/11. maddesi, Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesini Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 ve benzeri kararlar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; faaliyetler veya te\u015fkilatlanma devlet t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken nitelik ta\u015f\u0131sa bile bu Anayasal h\u00fckm\u00fcn(m.106\/11\u2019in) uygulanmas\u0131 gerekecektir. (-Ancak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinden evvel veya sonra TBMM\u2019nin konuyu bir kanunla da d\u00fczenleyebilece\u011fi; kanunla \u00e7eli\u015fen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin ise h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacaklar\u0131 malumdur.-)  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Anayasa Mahkemesi Ekonomi Koordinasyon Kurulunun Kurulmas\u0131na Dair Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesini iptal etti\u011fi karar\u0131nda; Kurulun, t\u00fcm kamu makamlar\u0131ndan bilgi\/belge istemeyebilmesi ve muhatap kurulu\u015flar\u0131n buna uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, kanunla kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.[49]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasan\u0131n (-idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revleri ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki-) 123\/1. maddesini, Anayasan\u0131n di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u015flevsiz b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde yorumlamak gerekirse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-) Kanuna dayanmayan ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ilk kez \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek t\u00fcm idari faaliyetlerin Kanunla konmas\u0131;[50]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-) Anayasan\u0131n 104\/4. maddesine \u00fcst kademe y\u00f6neticilerin ve atanma kriterlerinin belirlenmesi (ve atanmalar\u0131); 106\/son maddesine g\u00f6re Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n, 118\/6. maddesine g\u00f6re Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu Genel Sekreterli\u011finin, 123\/3. maddesine g\u00f6re de Kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerinin kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlendirilmelerinin Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-) Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesi gere\u011fince y\u00fcr\u00fctme alan\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemelerin asli olarak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-) \u00d6nceden kanunla konulmu\u015f olan idari g\u00f6revlerin Anayasan\u0131n yukar\u0131daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re kurulan idari te\u015fkil\u00e2tlara Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kararnameleriyle payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\/verilmesi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-) T\u00fcm bu hususlarda, Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesi gere\u011fince kanunla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelmesi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-) Anayasada sadece kanun konusu addedilen te\u015fkil\u00e2tlanma ve g\u00f6revlendirmelerin sadece kanunla yap\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi emsal karar\u0131nda[51]<\/a> merkezden y\u00f6netimin, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n ve di\u011fer kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, -bunlar y\u00fcr\u00fctme kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fclerek,- Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle d\u00fczenlenebileceklerine i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca, Anayasadaki \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle verilmemi\u015f olsa bile; y\u00fcr\u00fctme alan\u0131na giren t\u00fcm konularda asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesini, Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rmemektedir.[52]<\/a>    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.3. Kamu Hizmetleri ve Di\u011fer \u0130dari Faaliyetlerin \u0130lk-El Olarak D\u00fczenlenmesi <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Anayasan\u0131n 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla de\u011fi\u015fik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, yukar\u0131da yer alan bir k\u0131s\u0131m hususlarda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131karabilme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir. 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla yap\u0131lan Anayasal d\u00fczenlemelerde, Anayasan\u0131n 123\/1. maddesi kald\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f; Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmeyece\u011fine dair bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de konmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin birinin di\u011ferini h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Anayasa Mahkemesinin kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re[53]<\/a> Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler birbirleriyle e\u015fit etki ve de\u011ferdedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Anayasa koyucunun kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 123\/1. madde idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve g\u00f6revleriyle bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ve kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. \u201cBu(123\/1.) maddede yer alan d\u00fczenleme, idarenin kanunili\u011fi ilkesine v\u00fccut vermektedir. \u0130darenin kanunili\u011fi ilkesi, idarenin organlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini gerekli k\u0131lar.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cidarenin kanunili\u011fi ilkesi idarenin hizmet birimleri ile bu birimlerin kadro ve g\u00f6rev unvanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6revlerinin kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini de i\u00e7erir.\u201d[54]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yeni sistemde asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak konular\u0131n mahfuz bir yetki oldu\u011funu kabul etmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.[55]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc aksi halde, Anayasan\u0131n 87. maddesiyle yasamaya verilen kanun \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisine, Anayasada olmayan bir \u015fekilde istisna getirilmi\u015f olur ki, bu Anayasan\u0131n 6. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu 6. madde, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anayasadan almayan bir yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm haliyle, olmayan bir yetkiyi kullanmay\u0131 yasaklamakta; mevcut (olan) bir yetkiyi de (yasaklanmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in) gerekti\u011finde kullanabilmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bunlar birlikte nazara al\u0131n\u0131nca, idareye g\u00f6rev olarak verilebilecek olan ve bir kamusal hizmet ve faaliyet, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmedik\u00e7e, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin asli d\u00fczenleme yetkisine konu ol(a)maz. \u0130dare de kanunla d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f hi\u00e7bir faaliyeti do\u011frudan \u00fcstlenemez ve yapamaz.[56]<\/a> \u00a0Bir kamusal hizmet ya da faaliyete millet ad\u0131na ilk-el olarak yasaman\u0131n(=TBMM\u2019nin) karar vermesi, Anayasadaki Milli egemenlik ilkesinin zorunlu sonucudur.[57]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2.4. M\u00fcnhas\u0131ran Kanunla D\u00fczenlenmesi \u0130stenilen Konular <\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Anayasam\u0131zda 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden evvel ge\u00e7eli olan Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname (=KHK) \u00e7\u0131karma usul\u00fc ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde; TBMM\u2019nin Bakanlar Kuruluna KHK \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi verebilece\u011fi gibi hususlar yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama Anayasada, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi istenilen konularda KHK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Anayasal d\u00fczende KHK \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi ve usul\u00fc kalkm\u0131\u015f; Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme alan\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131karabilme yetkisi veren Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. maddesinde;[58]<\/a> Anayasada m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.[59]<\/a> Bu durumda, Anayasada kanunla d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi belirtilen her konu, \u201csadece\u201d, \u201cyaln\u0131zca\u201d gibi \u015fart olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, sadece kanunla d\u00fczenlenebilecektir.[60]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu halde Anayasada kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi emredilen konular\u0131n hi\u00e7birisi Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesiyle d\u00fczenlenemeyecektir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6nce, o konuda varsa \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na;[61]<\/a> m\u00fcnhas\u0131r kanun alan\u0131na giren bir konuda Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ise d\u00fczenlenecek konunun kanunla d\u00fczenlemesine ili\u015fkin Anayasal h\u00fckm\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.  Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi ve Belirlilik, \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

3.1. Belirlilik ve \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik \u0130lkelerinin Kanun \u0130dare \u0130lkesine Etkileri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnayasan\u0131n 2. maddesinde yer alan hukuk devletinin temel ilkelerinden biri \u2018belirlilik\u2019tir. \u201cBelirlilik, normun a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Kanunun dili anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmal\u0131, \u00e7eli\u015fkili veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[62]<\/a> Bu ilkeye g\u00f6re, yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin hem ki\u015filer hem de idare y\u00f6n\u00fcnden herhangi bir duraksamaya, teredd\u00fcde ve ku\u015fkuya yer vermeyecek \u015fekilde; a\u00e7\u0131k, net, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygulanabilir olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kamu otoritelerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6nlem i\u00e7ermesi de gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKanunilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi de gerektirmekte olup bu noktada kanunun niteli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n eri\u015filebilirli\u011fini, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fini ve kesinli\u011fini ifade etmekte; b\u00f6ylece uygulay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n keyf\u00ee davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi ki\u015finin hukuku bilmesine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakta; bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi teminat\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.\u201d[63]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201ckanun, bireylerin hangi somut fiil ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kesinlikte \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmelerine imk\u00e2n verecek nitelikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[64]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ilkeden hareketle, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 ya da farkl\u0131 yorumlara elveri\u015fli kurallar\u0131n, temel haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 lehine dayanak al\u0131namayacaklar\u0131;[65]<\/a> ceza hukukunda bu belirsizli\u011fin san\u0131k lehine \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve mahk\u00fbmiyete h\u00fckmetmeyi engelleyece\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Emsal kararlarda da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBelirlilik ilkesi, hukuksal g\u00fcvenlikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup birey, yasadan, belirli bir kesinlik i\u00e7inde, hangi somut eylem ve olguya hangi hukuksal yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n veya sonucun ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n idareye hangi m\u00fcdahale yetkisini do\u011furdu\u011funu bilmelidir. Birey ancak bu durumda kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar. Hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, normlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131, bireylerin t\u00fcm eylem ve i\u015flemlerinde devlete g\u00fcven duyabilmesini, devletin de yasal d\u00fczenlemelerde bu g\u00fcven duygusunu zedeleyici y\u00f6ntemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar.\u201d[66]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu arada \u00f6zellikle kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmalar\u0131, bu kurallar\u0131n \u00f6nceden bilinmesi kadar bunlar\u0131n eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131; bu anlamda bu kurallara eri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli imk\u00e2n ve zamana da sahip olmay\u0131 gerektirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir avantaj i\u00e7eren d\u00fczenlemeye eri\u015fmeyi engelleyecek derecede zor ve karma\u015f\u0131k usuller, i\u00e7erikler ve s\u00fcre yetersizlikleri gibi fakt\u00f6rler, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezli\u011fi g\u00fcndeme getirirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130lkesi ve Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                Temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu olan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu kadar\u0131yla; ihtiyaca cevap verecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.[67]<\/a> \u201c\u2018\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 ilkesini, sadece temel haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kanunlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, bu kanunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekmektedir.\u201d[68]<\/a> Bu bak\u0131mdan hem kanun, hem de kanunu uygulayacak makamlar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine riayetle m\u00fckelleftirler. Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi; kanunun uygulama yetkisi, somut olayda objektif bak\u0131\u015fla gerekli oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc a\u015fmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cpolisin, bir kimsenin h\u00fcrriyetini s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya gerek kalmadan kimlik sormas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, o kimse i\u00e7in daha a\u011f\u0131r bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya ba\u015fvurmamas\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin, o kimseyi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na almamas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.\u201d[69]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesi, \u201celveri\u015flilik<\/em>\u201d, \u201cgereklilik<\/em>\u201d ve \u201corant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201d olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 alt ilkeden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201cElveri\u015flilik<\/em>\u201d, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen m\u00fcdahalenin, ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131n\u0131, \u201cgereklilik<\/em>\u201d, ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdahalenin zorunlu olmas\u0131n\u0131, yani ayn\u0131 amaca daha hafif bir m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131n\u0131, \u201corant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201d ise bireyin hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale ile ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda makul bir dengenin g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini ifade etmektedir.\u201d[70]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015flemlerin: Kanuna Dayanmalar\u0131 ve Kanuna Uygun Olmalar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

4.1. Kanuna ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerine Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u0130dari D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemler Sorunu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130darenin, kendisine \u201cyasayla verilen g\u00f6rev alanlar\u0131nda idarenin d\u00fczenleme yapma yetkisi m\u00fcndemi\u00e7tir. Aksi yorum, idareye yasayla verilen g\u00f6revin ifa edilmesinde yararlan\u0131lacak ara\u00e7lardan biri olan d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin, g\u00f6revli olunan alanda dahi kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 ve bu suretle g\u00f6revin gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirilememesi sonucunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r.\u201d[71]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0D\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flemler Anayasaya ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olamazlar. Bu durumu Anayasan\u0131n 124., 125 ve 137. maddelerinden \u00e7\u0131karmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[72]<\/sup><\/a> Anayasaya ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k, \u00f6rne\u011fin; kanunda olmayan bir konunun ilk-el d\u00fczenlenmesi ya da kanunun mevcut bir h\u00fckm\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k \u015fekillerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.1. Kanunda Olmayan Bir Konu \u0130dari D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemle D\u00fczenlenemez<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmalar\u0131 esast\u0131r. Kanunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde idare de y\u00fcr\u00fctme de yoktur.[73]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay 1961 Anayasas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, idarenin d\u00fczenleme yetkisini kullanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mutlak bir yasal metnin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015fti. Bu kararda g\u00f6re, idarenin kamu yarar\u0131na olan hallerde d\u00fczenleme yetkisine sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 hukukun genel ilkelerine dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[74]<\/a> Bu karara kat\u0131lmak zordur. Aksi hal, kanuni idare ilkesine ters d\u00fc\u015fer ve yasama yetkisinin devri anlam\u0131na gelir. Halbuki Yasama yetkisi Anayasaya g\u00f6re, devredilemez[75]<\/a> (m. 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sebeple: \u201cAnayasada ifadesini bulan (\u00f6rne\u011fin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00f6netim usulleri ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin)\u2026 ayr\u0131k haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yasalarla d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f bir alanda y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin s\u00fcbjektif haklar\u0131 etkileyen bir kural koyma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Yasa ile yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da bu sonuca etkili de\u011fildir.\u201d[76]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130darenin, dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (kanundan) almaks\u0131z\u0131n, d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerden kaynaklanan bir yetkiye sahip oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fcne (imk\u00e2n) bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u201d[77]<\/a> Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0 \u00f6rne\u011fin bir Dan\u0131\u015ftay karar\u0131nda da; kanunda yer almayan ya da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen bir hususun y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenemeyece\u011fine h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir.[78]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi bir karar\u0131nda,[79]<\/a> bir s\u0131nav\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenebilece\u011fini, kanunda bu y\u00f6nde bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlemeyi Anayasan\u0131n 128. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Anayasa Mahkemesi, somut \u00e7er\u00e7eve belirlemeden bir k\u0131s\u0131m g\u00f6revleri idarenin \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netmelikte belirlemesini Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.[80]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuya, Anayasada yer alan konularda asli d\u00fczenleme kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bakmak gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunla yap\u0131lan bir d\u00fczenlemeyle h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmamalar\u0131 kayd\u0131yla, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, bu kararnamelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler de yap\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. \u00a0(6771 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla de\u011fi\u015fik Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re; Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na, kanuna dayanmadan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnameleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi halleri ayr\u0131k tutulursa;) daha do\u011frusu; kanunun ve Anayasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hallerde, (aksine bir kanun olmamas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla) Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konuda da \u201cidare\u201d yoktur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kanuna ve burada an\u0131lan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine dayanmayan bir konuda d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flem tesis edilemez.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.2. Kanun H\u00fck\u00fcmlerine Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u0130dari D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flem Yap\u0131lamaz<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flemlerin kendilerinin \u00fcs\u00fcndeki d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlere, nihayetinde kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayacaklar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 1163 say\u0131l\u0131 kooperatifler kanununda kooperatifler i\u00e7in zorunlu veya ihtiyari \u015fartlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in; y\u00f6netmelikte kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lamaz. Aksi halde kanunda olmayan bir d\u00fczenleme ilk-el olarak idare taraf\u0131ndan konmu\u015f olur ki bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.[81]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n emsal karar\u0131nda[82]<\/a>; y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin, yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlama niteli\u011findeki bir h\u00fckm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasa\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ancak yasayla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcm sebebiyle uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay bir ba\u015fka karar\u0131nda, yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok riskli i\u015flerde 3 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6revlendirilebilecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen bu s\u00fcreyi 7 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131karan Y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bularak; y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini durdurmu\u015ftur.[83]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.3. Kanundaki Haklar \u0130dari D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemlerle Daralt\u0131lamaz<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u0130dari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerle, temel haklar\u0131n kanunda g\u00f6sterilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131ndan daha fazla\/geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar konamaz. Bu manada idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f haklar\u0131 daraltamaz. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n bir hakk\u0131 daraltan y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini hukuka uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kararlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay emsal karar\u0131,[84]<\/a> memuriyete giri\u015fteki ya\u015f \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen; bunu \u201c40\u201d olarak belirten y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay, 6136 say\u0131l\u0131 kanundaki, 1 y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131 alanlara sil\u00e2h ruhsat\u0131 verilmeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckme ra\u011fmen; 91\/1779 karar say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 16\/\u00f6 maddesinde 6 ay hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 da yasak kapsam\u0131na almas\u0131n\u0131 iptal etmi\u015f; ama bu kapsamda davac\u0131ya sil\u00e2h verilmemesi i\u015fleminin iptali talebini de reddetmi\u015ftir.[85]<\/a> Yaln\u0131z, sil\u00e2h ruhsat\u0131 almak bir hak oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, bu karardaki ret k\u0131sm\u0131 bizce isabetli g\u00f6r\u00fclemez.[86]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her hak, hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan korunur ve bir temel hakka dayan\u0131r; g\u00fcvencesini de bir temel hakta bulur. Burada da silah ruhsat\u0131 talep etmek, ya\u015fama hakk\u0131, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bir hak olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u0130darenin bu talebe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fi izinle ya da ruhsatla tan\u0131nan da sil\u00e2h bulundurma veya ta\u015f\u0131ma \u201chak\u201dk\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasan\u0131n 124. maddesinde y\u00f6netmeliklerin konular\u0131n\u0131n, kanunlar\u0131n ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin uygulanmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutmalar\u0131 da bu konuda hakl\u0131 bir di\u011fer gerek\u00e7emizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.1.4. D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015flemin Dayana\u011f\u0131 Olan Kanunun Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Kurulunun 03.07.1989 tarih ve E:1988\/5, K:1989\/3 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; kanunlar\u0131n geriye y\u00fcr\u00fcmezli\u011fi ilkesinin, bir hukuki i\u015flem veya eylemin, bir hukuki ili\u015fkinin vuku buldu\u011fu ya da meydana geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdeki kanunun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi kalmaya devam edece\u011fini, sonradan \u00e7\u0131kan kanunun kural olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00f6nceki olaylara ve ili\u015fkilere uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131, mevcut durumu korumak ve hukuki ili\u015fkilerde istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flamak gereklili\u011finden do\u011fan bir sosyal hayat kural\u0131 olarak \u201cidari i\u015flemlerin geriye y\u00fcr\u00fcmezli\u011fi\u201d ilkesi, idare hukuku alan\u0131nda benimsenmi\u015ftir.\u201d[87]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay verdi\u011fi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte; t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklik nedeniyle yasal bo\u015fluk olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmi\u015ftir.[88]<\/a> Bundan, bir \u00fcst kural\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden dolay\u0131 dayanaks\u0131z hale gelen d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flemin de usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi izlenimi edinilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mal\u00fbm, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelmi\u015f bir idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemin ihmal edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. Keza, bir \u00fcst d\u00fczenleyici i\u015fleme ayk\u0131r\u0131 hale gelen d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler de ihmal edilebilmektedir. Bunlardan hareketle, bir idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flem, bir \u00fcstteki hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde de uygulanamaz hale gelecektir. \u00d6zg\u00fcn olarak bilhassa imar planlar\u0131ndan alttakine dayanak te\u015fkil eden plan\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, mutlak suretle buna dayanarak uygulanmas\u0131 gereken plan da uygulanamaz hale gelmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun gibi, idari te\u015fkil\u00e2t, kurucu (=dayanak) d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi ilga edilirse(=kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa) ya da iptal edilirse, la\u011fvedilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kanun ya da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 kararnamesine dayanmayan idari te\u015fkilat olmaz.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKural i\u015flemler her zaman de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir ya da yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Anayasa\u2019ya veya yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek iptal edilebilir. Kural i\u015flemin de\u011fi\u015fmesi ya da ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ona ba\u011fl\u0131 ki\u015fi ile ilgili \u015fart i\u015flemi de etkiler.\u201d[89]<\/a> Ki\u015filerin kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 sebebiyle, kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hakk\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir(eys)el idari i\u015flemlerin,\u00a0 dayanak i\u015flem kalksa bile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2. \u00dcst D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015fleme ve Nihayetinde Kanuna Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u0130\u015flemin Yerine Kanunun Uygulanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130dari her t\u00fcrl\u00fc eylem ve i\u015flemler, dayanak olan idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin hukuka uygun olmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. \u0130darenin bir \u00fcst hukuk kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015flemi ihmal ederek kanuna uygun daha \u00fcst kural\u0131; kanun alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flem i\u00e7in de kanunu uygulamas\u0131 doktrinde ve son zamanlardaki yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hukuk kurallar\u0131 hiyerar\u015fisinde \u201cbunlardan alttakinin \u00fcsttekine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde esasen, \u00fcst hukuk kural\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.\u201d[90]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle, idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler idari te\u015fkil\u00e2ttaki g\u00f6revlilere hitap eden emirler mahiyetindedirler. \u0130darenin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi uygulamas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 da; Anayasan\u0131n, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 emrin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan 137. maddesinin gere\u011fidir. Anayasan\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 idari i\u015flemlerin yarg\u0131 makamlar\u0131nca iptal edilmesine ili\u015fkin 125. maddesi de, bizce, ruhu itibar\u0131yla hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flemin uygulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131; herhangi bir idari uygulamaya dayanak olarak al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130dari yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcnde de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde bir uygulaman\u0131n hakim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

2577 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7\/4. maddesindeki; \u201c<\/em>D\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemin iptal edilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 bu d\u00fczenlemeye dayal\u0131 i\u015flemin iptaline engel olmaz.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, idari yarg\u0131lamada mahkemeye hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flemi ihmal edip bir \u00fcst i\u015flemi uygulamaya dayanak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[91]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay, bir k\u0131s\u0131m kararlar\u0131nda, bir \u00fcst d\u00fczenleyici i\u015fleme ya da kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenen idari i\u015flemi iptal ederken; i\u015flemin dayana\u011f\u0131 olan d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flem atlanarak, \u00fcst norma g\u00f6re karar vermi\u015ftir.[92]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n bir ba\u015fka karar\u0131nda[93]<\/a> belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; her d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015flem hukuk \u00e2leminde ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ihmal edilemeyece\u011fi; ancak ve ancak iptal edilebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u0130crai idare ilkesi de idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemler hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse; (yarg\u0131 yerlerince iptal edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece ve) idare taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7erliliklerini gerektirir.[94]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak idari yarg\u0131 yeri, \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda; hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bir(ey)el i\u015flemin, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici i\u015fleme dayanak olan \u00fcst d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015fleme ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilir. Ya da, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k, dayanak d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bu ihtimallerin her ikisinde de yarg\u0131 yeri, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi yasal usullere uygun bir ba\u015fvuru olmad\u0131k\u00e7a iptal edemeyecektir. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu i\u015flemin yarg\u0131 yerince hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespit edilmesi halinde hukuk d\u00fczeninde ya\u015fat\u0131lmamas\u0131, hukukun varl\u0131k nedenidir. Bu sebeplerle, idari yarg\u0131 mercii bakmakta oldu\u011fu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi ihmal ederek \u00fcstteki normu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc al\u0131p iptal karar\u0131 verebilecektir. Ki bu usul, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta yap\u0131lacak iptal i\u015flemin do\u011fas\u0131nda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitekim, Dan\u0131\u015ftay bir karar\u0131nda g\u00f6revden ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde s\u0131nava tabi tutulmalar\u0131na dair d\u00fczenleyici idari i\u015fleme ra\u011fmen; bunu kald\u0131ran daha alt bir i\u015fleme dayanarak yap\u0131lan s\u0131navs\u0131z i\u015fe almay\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.[95]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00fcst kuraldan maksat: niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla di\u011ferine g\u00f6re \u00fcstte yer alan; ayn\u0131 idari makam\u0131n ayn\u0131 nitelikteki i\u015flemi i\u00e7in sonraki; ayr\u0131 idari makamlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konudaki idari i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in konunun g\u00f6rev ve yetkisine giren as\u0131l makamdan \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015flemlerdir.[96]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.  \u0130darenin Kanuni Bir \u00c7er\u00e7evede Yetkilendirilmesi ve Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

5.1. Kanunun Genel \u00c7er\u00e7eveyi Koymas\u0131ndan Maksat<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir konunun ne kadar tafsilatl\u0131 d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi, kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesinde kanun koyucu; Anayasan\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fcnhas\u0131r hallerde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri i\u00e7in de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilir. Ancak, yasama yetkisinin y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye veya idareye, y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisinin de idareye devri anlam\u0131na gelecek \u015fekilde genel bir d\u00fczenleme Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Anayasa yasama yetkisinin devredilemeyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYetki devrinin bir makamdan di\u011fer makama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacak olursa\u201d;[97]<\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve idare alan\u0131nda da makama de\u011fil de o makam\u0131 temsil eden, o makamda bulunan ki\u015fiye verilen yetkilerin devri s\u00f6z konusu olmaz.[98]<\/a> \u201cYetkinin kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, yetki devrinin yasada d\u00fczenlenmesi zorunludur.\u201d[99]<\/a> Anayasa\u2019da Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerinin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f; Anayasa ve kanun bu yetkinin devredilece\u011fine dair bir h\u00fck\u00fcm koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetki ve g\u00f6revine tek ba\u015f\u0131na sahip ve Millet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n; bu yetkilerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ilmemi\u015f olan, -dolay\u0131s\u0131yla milletin y\u00fcr\u00fctme i\u015flerinde temsil yetkisi vermedi\u011fi- makamlara devretmesi Milli egemenlik ilkesine dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere yeni sistemde \u201ckanuni d\u00fczenleme\u201d ilkesini, ilk-el Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerini de kapsayacak; kanun i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenecek hususlar\u0131 elverdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bunlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir.[100]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanuni idare bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuka uygunlu\u011fu gerekli ve yeterli bir kanuni d\u00fczenleme, en az\u0131ndan temel ilkelerin belirlenmesini; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla konunun amac\u0131n ve \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla belirtilmesini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[101]<\/a> Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa; \u201ckanuni d\u00fczenleme ilkesi, d\u00fczenlenen alanda temel ilkelerin kanunla konulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7er\u00e7evenin kanunla \u00e7izilmesini ifade etmektedir.\u201d [102]<\/a> Temel ilkelerin kanunla konulmas\u0131, bir alanda konuyu, amac\u0131 ve \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi kanunun idarenin anlay\u0131\u015f ve yorumuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fecek nitelikte olmayacak somutlukta d\u00fczenlenmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temel ilkeleri kanunla belirlenmi\u015f bir kanuni \u201cd\u00fczenleme ile uzmanl\u0131k ve teknik konulara ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na yetki verilmesi, kanuni d\u00fczenleme ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaz.\u201d[103]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cAnayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi konularda kanunda genel ifadelerle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak ayr\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d[104]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnayasa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi konularda kanunda genel ifadelerle d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak ayr\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Anayasa\u2019da m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen konularda da yasaman\u0131n aslili\u011fi(;) ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri haricinde ge\u00e7erli olan y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcrevselli\u011fi ilkeleri gere\u011fi idari i\u015flemlerin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Ancak bu durumda kanunda belirlenmesi gereken \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumdakinden \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f olabilecektir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle Anayasa\u2019ya g\u00f6re kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekmeyen bir konu, kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla idarenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerine b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.\u201d[105]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanunun genel somut bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izip konu ve ilkeleri belirlemesinin y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetki ve g\u00f6revi i\u00e7in yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi;[106]<\/a> Anayasan\u0131n kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesini istedi\u011fi zorunluluklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan t\u00fcm alanlarda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumu\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 da bizce bu \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesinin bir karar\u0131na g\u00f6re de;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnayasa’da yasayla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen konularda y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na genel ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirsiz bir d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin verilmesi (m\u00fcmk\u00fcn) de\u011fildir\u2026.\/Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n, “temel ilkeleri koymas\u0131, \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi \u00e7izmesi, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, belirsiz geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 y\u00f6netimin d\u00fczenlemesine b\u0131rakmamas\u0131 gerekir.”[107]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel \u00e7er\u00e7eve, ilke ve konular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlemeyen kanuni d\u00fczenleme Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olur: Kanuni d\u00fczenlemeyle idareye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 somut olarak belirlenmemi\u015f genel bir yetki verilemeyece\u011fi[108]<\/a> i\u00e7in;\u00a0 \u201ci\u00e7eri\u011finin belirlenmesi y\u00f6netimin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n yasa ile konuldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez.\u201d[109]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emsal bir olayda: \u201cmal\u00ee (kapsamdaki) bek\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin\u2026, matrah\u0131n\u0131n ve nispetinin\u2026 hi\u00e7 olmazsa en y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ve\u2026 bununla kimlerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulacaklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekirken(;) kanunda sadece konu belirtilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece \u00f6teki konular, idarenin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu d\u00fczenlemeyi iptal etmi\u015ftir. Bu iptal karar\u0131, idarenin b\u00f6ylesine geni\u015f ve kanunda \u00e7er\u00e7evesi belirtilmemi\u015f alanda istedi\u011fi kural\u0131 koyabilmesi yetkisinin kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilmesi gerek\u00e7esine dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[110]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2. Konuya Yasama Yetkisinin Devredilmezli\u011fi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkisi esasen y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye kanunla verilen; kanuna ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve kanunla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yetkidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi, konuyu ve ilkeleri, -hatta al\u00e2kal\u0131 say\u0131labilecek di\u011fer hususlar\u0131- \u00f6ng\u00f6rmeyen bir kanun, yetki devri anlam\u0131na gelir. Anayasan\u0131n 7. maddesi ise yasama yetkisinin devrini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arada; \u201cgeli\u015fen (\u015fart)lara paralel h\u0131zla hareket ama\u00e7l\u0131, uzmanl\u0131k ve idare tekni\u011fine ili\u015fkin hususlarda y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye yetki b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yetki devri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye d\u00fczenleme yetkisi verilirken yasama organ\u0131ndan beklenen(;) yasama ile y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenleme alan\u0131ndaki kesi\u015fen s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve\u00a0yetki devri\u00a0olarak nitelenmemesi(dir. Bunun) i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlemede temel esaslar\u0131n belirlenmesi(;) ve i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lacak yetkiyi olu\u015fturan takdirin keyfili\u011fini anlamak ve denetim alan\u0131 yaratmak i\u00e7in genel \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00e7izilmesi gerekti\u011fidir.\u201d[111]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBu niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir yasal d\u00fczenleme ile uzmanl\u0131k ve teknik konulara ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n belirlenmesi konusunda y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na yetki verilmesi(;) kanuni d\u00fczenleme ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaz.\u201d[112]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.3. Kanuni \u0130dare ve \u0130darenin Takdir Yetkisi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0130darenin, kendisine kanunla verilen serbest hareket edebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kalarak, uygun se\u00e7ene\u011fi uygulama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkiye takdir yetkisi denmektedir. \u201cTakdir yetkisinin amac\u0131, idareye farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndan uygun ve yerinde olan\u0131 se\u00e7me serbestisi tan\u0131makt\u0131r.\u201d[113]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda takdir yetkisi idari faaliyetler ve kamu hizmetlerinin yeri, zaman\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi gibi hususlardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in; idarenin her faaliyet ve hizmetinde az ya da \u00e7ok takdir yetkisi oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Kamu hizmetlerinin yeni durumlara uyarlanmas\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bizce do\u011fal olarak takdir yetkisi bulundurur.[114]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130darelerin, kanunlarla verilen g\u00f6revleri yerine getirirken ne t\u00fcr kararlar almalar\u0131 gerekti\u011finin, (somut durumlar i\u00e7in) \u00f6nceden hukuk kurallar\u0131yla belirlenmesi (imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olup;) kamu hizmetlerinin ve toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygun bir y\u00f6ntem de de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, idarelerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda en uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fcretebilmeleri i\u00e7in takdir yetkisiyle donat\u0131lmalar\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d[115]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kanunun genel ilkeleri belirterek tafsil\u00e2t\u0131(=ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131) idareye b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde idare, takdir yetkisini kullan\u0131rken, kendisine kanunla verilen takdir \u00e7er\u00e7evesini a\u015fmayacak; bu yetkiyi objektif, ayr\u0131m yapmadan ve objektif bir bak\u0131\u015fla kamu yarar\u0131na en uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde kullanacakt\u0131r. \u0130darenin takdir yetkisinin hukuka uygun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu temel ilkeler ve teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar; somut durum ve olaylara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilecektir.[116]<\/a> \u201cTakdir yetkisi, kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hizmet gerekleri ve yetkiyi veren Kanun\u2019un amac\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ile de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[117]<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk-el Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lacak idari takdir yetkisi i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 hususlar s\u00f6ylenebilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHukukun kendisi\u2026 s\u00f6z konusu i\u015flemin me\u015fru amac\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak keyf\u00ee m\u00fcdahalelere kar\u015f\u0131 bireyi korumak i\u00e7in(;) yetkili makamlara b\u0131rak\u0131lan takdir yetkisinin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermelidir\u2026 (H)ukuk sistemi, kamu makamlar\u0131na hangi (\u015fart)larda ve hangi s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde m\u00fcdahalelerde bulunma yetkisinin verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k ifadelerle ortaya koyacak nitelikte olmal\u0131(;) ve \u2026 muhataplar\u0131na m\u00fcdahaleye zemin haz\u0131rlayan (\u015fart)lar ile m\u00fcdahalenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcde bulunabilmeleri imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[118]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar: Prof. Dr. R. Cengiz Derdiman e-Posta: rderdiman@hukukiyaklasim.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikkat                            <\/u><\/em>:<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
1-)  Bu makalenin\/yaz\u0131n\u0131n, yasalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7, r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta <\/em>Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/em><\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
R. Cengiz Derdiman,<\/em> \u201c<\/em>Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. <\/em>Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em><\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka:<\/em> <\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak:  <\/em>R. Cengiz Derdiman,<\/em> \u201c<\/em>Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Dipnotlar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[1]<\/a>        Bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u0130brahim Kafeso\u011flu, T\u00fcrk Mill\u00ee K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, <\/em>16. Bask\u0131, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1997, s. 247;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[2]<\/a>        Hilmi Ziya \u00dclken, Sosyoloji S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/em> Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1969, s. 325.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[3]<\/a>        Bak\u0131n\u0131z: R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201c1982 Anayasas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kanun Kavram\u0131\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi,<\/em> https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/makaleler\/1982-anayasasina-gore-kanun-kavrami\/, eri\u015fim tarihi: 09.04.2022;  J\u00fcrgen R\u00f6dig, [(Herausgegeben)], Studien zu einer <\/em>Theorie der Gesetzgebung, <\/em>by Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg, 1976, s. 7; Rolf-Peter Magen: Staatsrecht Eine Einf\u00fchrung,<\/em>Siebte, \u00fcberarbeitete Auflage, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 1985, s. 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[4]<\/a>        Hamza Ero\u011flu, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, 4. Bask\u0131, Feryal Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 1984, s. 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[5]<\/a>        Matthias Jestaedt, \u201cMa\u00dfst\u00e4be des Verwaltungshandelns\u201d, in: Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht<\/em>,  Hans-Uwe Erichsen und Dirk Ehlers (Herausgegeben), 14. Auflage, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin\/New York, 2010, s. 333; Christian Klingler\/Klaus-G\u00fcnther Schattke\/Carsten K. Fischer, Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht, <\/em>4. Ausgabe Verwaltungsakademie (\u00fcberarbeitet von: Carsten K. Fischer) Berlin, 2018, s. 70-72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[6]<\/a>        R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2015, s. 61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[7]<\/a>        Bernd M\u00fcller,, Verwaltungsrecht: Schnell erfa\u00dft<\/em>, 2. Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995, 1999, s. 88;, Steffen Detterbeck, Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht mit Verwaltungsprozessrecht<\/em>, 12. Auflage, Verlag C. H. Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2014, s. 77; Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, s. 61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[8]<\/a>        Turan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m-Melik\u015fah Yasin-Nur Karan-Ey\u00fcp \u00d6zdemir-G\u00fcl \u00dcst\u00fcn-Okay Tekinsoy, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em> 2. Bas\u0131 XII Levha Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011, s.3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[9]<\/a>        D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari i\u015flemler konusunda bak\u0131n\u0131z:  R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201cD\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015flemler Aras\u0131nda Hiyerar\u015fi Sorunu\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi<\/em>. https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/makaleler\/duzenleyici-idari-islemler-arasinda-hiyerarsi-sorunu\/ (eri\u015fim: 04.02.2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[10]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u201c2.1.1. Anayasa Yer Alan Konuya Has (=\u00d6zg\u00fc) H\u00fck\u00fcmler\u201d ve \u201c2.1.2. Anayasan\u0131n 104\/17. Maddesinin Konusu \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[11]<\/a>       Ender Ethem Atay, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, 7. Bask\u0131, Turhan Kitabevi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2021, s. 140.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[12]<\/a>       Klinger et al., s. 71, 72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[13]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z: R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201cB\u00fct\u00e7e Hakk\u0131 ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sistemi, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi,<\/em> https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/genel\/butce-hakki-ve-cumhurbaskanligi-sistemi\/ Eri\u015fim: 04.02.2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[14]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.02.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/91, karar: 2020\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[15]<\/a>       A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki: \u201c5.  \u0130darenin Kanuni Bir \u00c7er\u00e7evede Yetkilendirilmesi ve Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[16]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin (Genel Kurul) 18.01.2018 tarihli ve Esas: 2016\/180 Karar: 2018\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[17]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u201c2.2.3. Kamu Hizmetleri ve Di\u011fer \u0130dari Faaliyetlerin \u0130lk-El Olarak D\u00fczenlenmesi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[18]<\/a>       Eberhard Schmidt-A\u00dfmann, Das allgemeine Verwaltungsrecht als Ordnungsidee<\/em>, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2006, s. 187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[19]<\/a>       6771 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yeni Anayasal sistemdeki bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6zg\u00fcn\/istisnai haller  \u201c2. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerinin Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki Konumlar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[20]<\/a>       Andreas Funke, Falldenken im Verwaltungsrecht Ein systematisches Studienbuch, <\/em>Springer-Verlag, Deutschland, 2020, s.107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[21]<\/a>       Bu konudaki de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: Thomas Fleiner-Lidija R. Basta Fleiner, Allgemeine Staatslehre<\/em>, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 2004, s. 415, 416.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[22]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2018\/14884 say\u0131l\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruya verdi\u011fi 27\/10\/2021 tarihli karar\u0131 \u00a7 87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[23]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 26\/07\/2017 tarihli ve esas: 2015\/46 karar: 2017\/130 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[24]<\/a>       Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Bernhard Raschauer, Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht<\/em>, 3. Auflage, Springer Verlag, Wien NewYork, 2009, s. 442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[25]<\/a>       M\u00fcmtaz Soysal, 100 Soruda Anayasas\u0131n Anlam\u0131,<\/em> Yeniden Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 6. Bas\u0131, Ger\u00e7ek Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul,1986, s. 117. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde \u00f6rne\u011fin: Cem Ero\u011ful, Anat\u00fczeye Giri\u015f, (\u201cAnayasa Hukuku\u201dna Giri\u015f),<\/em> 13. Bas\u0131, \u0130maj Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 2013, s. 312;R. Cengiz Derdiman, Anayasa Hukuku, <\/em>3. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2013, s. 172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[26]<\/a>       \u201cKanuna kar\u015f\u0131 bir nevi sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tazammun eder. Kanunu kendi emel ve menfaatine h\u00e2dim k\u0131lmak demektir. Kanunu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmakt\u0131r Kanuna kar\u015f\u0131 kranunu siper etmektir, bu da kanunun l\u00e2fz\u0131na dayanarak ruhunu ve gayesini \u0130hl\u00e2l etmek suretiyle olur.\u201d Vedad Sevig, \u201cDevletler Hususi Hukukunda Hile\u201d  \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Mecmuas\u0131, <\/em>Y\u0131l 1949<\/a>, Cilt 15, Say\u0131 2-3, ss: 670 \u2013 702, s. 674, Bir ba\u015fka tarife g\u00f6re kanuna kar\u015f\u0131 hile: \u201c”Kanunlar\u0131n mana ve maksatlar\u0131na mugayir(=ayk\u0131r\u0131) olmakla beraber(;) l\u00e2f\u0131zlar\u0131na mutabakat\u0131(=uyumu) y\u00fcz\u00fcnden metinlerin normal tatbikler(=uygulamalar) ile takip edilemeyen ve ancak gai(=ama\u00e7sal) tefsirleri sayesinde m\u00fceyyidelenebilen(=yapt\u0131r\u0131mlanabilen) fiil ve muameleler(=i\u015flemler)\u201ddir. Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Hamide, Kanuna Kar\u015f\u0131 Hile, <\/em>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1950, s. 188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[27]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesi 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 18.9.2014 tarihli ve (ki\u015fisel ba\u015fvuru) 2013\/7087 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[28]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 17.07.2020 ve esas: 2020\/44, karar: 2020\/41 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[29]<\/a>       Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n 5462 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunu TBMM\u2019ye geri g\u00f6nderme yaz\u0131s\u0131, bak\u0131n\u0131z: https:\/\/www5.tbmm.gov.tr\/sirasayi\/donem22\/yil01\/ss1136m.htm, eri\u015fin tarihi: 15.04.2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[30]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 18\/07\/2001 tarihli ve esas: 2001\/4, karar: 2001\/332 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 15\/10\/2003 tarihli ve esas: 2003\/84, karar: 2003\/89 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[31]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z 29. dipnot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[32]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 5.11.2009 tarihli ve esas: 2006\/103, karar: 2009\/149 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[33]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na Ba\u015fkan Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan\u2019\u0131n muhalefet \u015ferhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[34]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 23.11.2021 tarihli ve esas: 2016\/11956 karar:: 2021\/5766 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[35]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 12\/6\/2020 tarihli ve E.2019\/105, K.2020\/30, \u00a7 19 ve 30\/12\/2021 tarihli ve esas: 2021\/88 karar: 2021\/105 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[36]<\/a>       R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201cKamu T\u00fczel Ki\u015fili\u011finin \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fctleri Hakk\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirmeler\u201d, Uluslararas\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Akademisi Dergisi, <\/em>2021, cilt:.4, say\u0131: 3, ss: 545-573, s. 548<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[37]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 22\/01\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[38]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin: Atay, s. 64, 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[39]<\/sup><\/a> <\/sup>      Bak\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u201c2.2.4. M\u00fcnhas\u0131ran Kanunla D\u00fczenlenmesi \u0130stenilen Konular Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[40]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 15.10.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/124, karar: 2020\/56 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 19 ve 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[41]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 16\/7\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/104, karar: 2020\/39 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 261 ve 10.10.2020 tarihli ve esas:.2020\/60, karar: 2020\/54 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na Ba\u015fkan Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan\u2019\u0131n muhalefet \u015ferhi \u00a7 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[42]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki: \u201c5.1. Kanunun Genel \u00c7er\u00e7eveyi Koymas\u0131ndan Maksat\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[43]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201c2.2.4. M\u00fcnhas\u0131ran Kanunla D\u00fczenlenmesi \u0130stenilen Konular Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[44]<\/a>       Derdiman, Kamu T\u00fczel Ki\u015fili\u011finin \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fctleri Hakk\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirmeler, s. 548. Konuyla ilgili olarak ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6rne\u011fin: Tayfun Akg\u00fcner, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, 9. Bask\u0131, Der Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2021, s. 218.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n
[45]<\/a>       Derdiman, Anayasa Hukuku<\/em>, s. 161, 162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[46]<\/a>       Faz\u0131l Sa\u011flam, Temel Haklar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00d6z\u00fc, <\/em>Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 1982, s. 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[47]<\/a>       A. \u015eeref G\u00f6z\u00fcb\u00fcy\u00fck, Anayasa Hukuku,<\/em> 19. Bask\u0131, Turhan Kitabevi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2013, s.  178.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[48]<\/a>       Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler (2018): T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Y\u00f6netimi-Yap\u0131-<\/em> 5. Bask\u0131, imge, Ankara. s. 207, 208.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[49]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 30\/12\/2021 tarihli ve esas: 2021\/88 karar: 2021\/105 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[50]<\/a>       Bak\u0131n\u0131z bir a\u015f\u011fa\u0131daki \u201c2. 2.3. Kamu Hizmetleri ve Di\u011fer \u0130dari Faaliyetlerin \u0130lk-El Olarak D\u00fczenlenmesi Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[51]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 30\/12\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2019\/71 karar: 2020\/82 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131  (\u00a7 23, 24)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[52]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 22\/01\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, (\u00f6zellikle \u00a7 8 ve 12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[53]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 26.06.1996 tarihli ve esas: 1996\/28 karar: 1996\/24; ayr\u0131ca 13.03.2006 tarihli esas: .2006\/21 karar: 2006\/38 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[54]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 6\/6\/2013 tarihli ve esas: 2013\/47, karar: 2013\/72 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131; Ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131n\u0131z:  Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na Ba\u015fkan Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan\u2019\u0131n muhalefet \u015ferhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[55]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 kanaat \u00f6rne\u011fin: Adnan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-Bayram Do\u011fan, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2017 Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Kapsam\u0131nda Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin Asli D\u00fczenleme Yetkisi ve Mahfuz D\u00fczenleme Alan\u0131\u201d, S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em>, cilt: 9 say\u0131: 1, y\u0131l 2019, ss: 1-60, s. 48; M. Artuk Ard\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu,, \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi\u201d, Ankara Barosu Dergisi<\/em>, Y\u0131l 2017\/75, Say\u0131: 3, ss: 19-51, s. 37, 50. Aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6rne\u011fin: \u0130brahim Kabo\u011flu, 15 Temmuz Anayasas\u0131<\/em>, Tekin Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2017, s. 190, 214, 215; \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Karatepe, T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukuku, <\/em>2. Bask\u0131, Sava\u015f yay\u0131nl., Ankara, 2018, <\/em>s. 295 ; \u00d6zen \u00dclgen, \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamelerinin Niteli\u011fi ve T\u00fcrleri\u201d Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em>, y\u0131l: 2018 say\u0131 1, ss: 3-40, s. 5, 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[56]<\/a>       Schmidt-A\u00dfmann, s. 187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[57]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u201c1982 Anayasas\u0131na G\u00f6re Kanun Kavram\u0131<\/a>\u201d, Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi,<\/em> https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/makaleler\/1982-anayasasina-gore-kanun-kavrami\/, eri\u015fim tarihi: 09.04.2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[58]<\/a>       Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Atay, s. 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[59]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 22\/01\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[60]<\/a>       Ayn\u0131 kanaat: Anayasa Mahkemesinin 22\/01\/2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/125, karar: 2020\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na Ba\u015fkan Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhalafet \u015ferhi \u00a7 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[61]<\/a>       Atay, s. 65.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[62]<\/a>       Schmidt-A\u00dfmann, s. 194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[63]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulunun 2017\/38953 say\u0131l\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruya verdi\u011fi 23\/7\/2020 tarihli karar\u0131 \u00a7 104.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[64]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.02.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/91, karar: 2020\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 145.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[65]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 kanaat: Korkut Kanado\u011flu-Ahmet Mert Duygun, Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Esaslar\u0131<\/em>, Oniki Levha Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, s. 38; Anna Gamper, Regeln der Verfassungsinterpretation<\/em>, Springer-Verlag\/Wien, 2012, s. 95<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[66]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 06.01.2011 tarihli ve esas: 2010\/19 karar: 2011\/6 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Emre Akbulut, \u201cYarg\u0131laman\u0131n Yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019ca Verilen \u2018De\u011fi\u015fik Gerek\u00e7e \u0130le Onama\u2019 Kararlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130dare Hukuku ve \u0130limleri Dergisi<\/em>, cilt 15, say\u0131: 1, 2012, s. 233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[67]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R. Cengiz Derdiman, Anayasa Hukuku<\/em>, s. 169, 170; Attil\u00e2 \u00d6zer, T\u00fcrk Anayasa Hukuku, T\u00fcrklerin Devlet Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Anayasal Yap\u0131lanma,<\/em>Turhan Kitabevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2012, s. 145.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[68]<\/a>       Derdiman, Anayasa Hukuku<\/em> s. 170.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[69]<\/a>       Derdiman, Anayasa Hukuku<\/em> s. 170.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[70]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesi 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 2013\/1444 say\u0131l\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruya verdi\u011fi 4\/11\/2014 tarihli karar\u0131 \u00a7 48<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[71]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 23.11.2021 tarihli ve esas: 2016\/11956 karar:: 2021\/5766 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[72]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130dari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemlerin a\u00e7\u0131k Anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleni olan y\u00f6netmeliklerin Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamalar\u0131 Anayasan\u0131n 124. maddesinin gere\u011fidir. \u0130darenin d\u00fczenleme yetkisinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>sadece Anayasan\u0131n 124. maddesindeki y\u00f6netmelikle s\u0131n\u0131rlamak isabetli de\u011fildir. (Aksi G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 23.11.2021 tarihli ve esas: 2016\/11956 karar:: 2021\/5766 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.) Daha evvelki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada dile getirdi\u011fimiz gibi her idari d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemi y\u00f6netmelik e\u015fiti g\u00f6rmek de her zaman isabetli olamaz. Nitekim, Anayasan\u0131n 137. maddesinden idari nitelikli \u201cemir\u201dlerin; 125. maddesinden de idari i\u015flemlerin hukuk ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayacaklar\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[73]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Turan G\u00fcne\u015f, T\u00fcrk Pozitif Hukukunda Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Organ\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemleri,<\/em> AHFY, Ankara, 1965, s. 41; Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde bak\u0131n\u0131z: R. Cengiz Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, s. 45, 46; Burak \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, Frans\u0131z ve T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u0130darenin D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flem Yapmas\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2009, s. 143.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[74]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay Dava Daireleri Kurulunun 28.04.1972 tarihli ve e: 1968\/709, k: 1972\/364 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nak: Turgut Tan, \u0130dare Hukuku, Turhan Kitabevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2013,  s. 65, 66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[75]<\/a>       Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, s. 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[76]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 09.10.1986 tarihli ve esas: 1986\/18, karar: 1986\/24 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[77]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 6.12.2011 tarihli ve esas: 2008\/1207 say\u0131l\u0131, Anayasa Mahkemesine itiraz ba\u015fvurusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[78]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dan\u0131\u015ftay 8. Dairesinin 08.06.1978 tarihli ve esas: 1976\/4749, karar: 1978\/5214 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: \u0130l Han \u00d6zay, \u00a0G\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Y\u00f6netim, <\/em>Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2002,\u00a0 s. 83. Nitekim Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesi de, idari i\u015flemi dayana\u011f\u0131 olan y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kanunda yer almamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iptal eden yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 08\/12\/1997 tarihli ve esas: 1996\/1268 karar: 1997\/5493 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 (https:\/\/www.hukukmedeniyeti.org\/ , eri\u015fim tarihi: 17.04.2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[79]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24\/7\/2019 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/73 karar: 2019\/65 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, \u00a7 198-201.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[80]<\/a>       Anayasa Mahkemesinin 24.12.1986 tarihli ve esas: 1985\/20 karar: 1986\/30 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[81]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay \u0130dari Dava Daireleri Kurulunun (=D\u0130DDK\u2019n\u0131n), 11.12.2013 tarihli ve y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi durdurma itiraz: 2013\/381 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Ali D. Ulusoy, Yeni T\u00fcrk \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, 3. Bask\u0131, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2020, s. 74, 75.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[82]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 30.10.2003 tarihli ve esas: 2001\/1835 karar: 2003\/4190 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ((https:\/\/www.sinerjimevzuat.com.tr, eri\u015fim: 25.09.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[83]<\/a>       D\u0130DDK\u2019n\u0131n, 27.11.2013 tarihli ve YD itiraz: 2013\/625 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Ulusoy, s. 340.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[84]<\/a>       D\u0130DDK\u2019n\u0131n 20.10.2005 tarihli ve esas: 2003\/1145 karar: 2005\/2539 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Yeliz \u015eanl\u0131 Atay, T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Ads\u0131z D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemler<\/em>, T\u00fcrkiye ve Orta Do\u011fu Amme \u0130daresi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2011, s. 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[85]<\/a>       D\u0130DDK\u2019n\u0131n 26.11.2012 tarihli ve esas: 2008\/3294 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, nakleden: Ulusoy, s. 339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[86]<\/a>       Aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f: Ulusoy, s. 339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[87]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 6. Dairesinin 04.03.2021 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/8854 karar: 2021\/3065 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 muhalefet \u015ferhi (https:\/\/www.sinerjimevzuat.com.tr , eri\u015fim: 17.01.2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[88]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 1. Dairesinin 07.12.2006 tarihli ve esas: 2006\/586, karar: 2006\/1227 tarihli karar\u0131, nakleden: Veli Y\u0131lmaz, \u0130darenin D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemleri Ve \u0130ptalinin Do\u011furdu\u011fu Hukuki Sonu\u00e7lar, <\/em>Y\u00fcksek Lisans tezi, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Kamu Hukuku Anabilim Dal\u0131, Konya, 2008, s. 28, 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[89]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yahya \u015eahin, \u201cYasa ve D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015flemlerin De\u011fi\u015fmesinin Kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Haklar Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u0130ncelenmesi\u201d, Dan\u0131\u015ftay Dergisi, <\/em>y\u0131l: 2009\/39, say\u0131: 120, s. X<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[90]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku<\/em>, s. 24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[91]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Turgut Candan, \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu, <\/em>Maliye ve Hukuk Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2005, s. 383, 384; Melik\u015fah Yasin, \u201c\u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Us\u00fcl\u00fcnde D\u00fczenleyici \u0130dari \u0130\u015flemlerin \u0130hmali Meselesi<\/a>\u201d, \u0130dare Hukuku ve \u0130limleri Dergisi <\/em>Y\u0131l 2013, Cilt 16, Say\u0131 1, ss: 9-27, s. 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[92]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin: Dan\u0131\u015ftay 11. Dairesinin 19.02.2003 tarihli ve esas: 2000\/10901, karar: 2003\/739; Dan\u0131\u015ftay 7. Dairesinin 18.12.2002 tarihli ve esas: 2002\/4267 karar: 2002\/4266 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131, nak: Candan, s. 384, 385.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[93]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin 03.02.1986 tarihli ve esas: 1984\/2560, karar: 1986\/143 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, Candan, s. 383.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[94]<\/a>       Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde: Yasin, s. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[95]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay, 2. D., E. 2004\/1650, K. 2006\/527, T. 17.2.2006, nakleden: Yasin, s. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[96]<\/a>       Metin G\u00fcnday, \u0130dare Hukuku,<\/em> 11. Bask\u0131, \u0130maj yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2011, s.228-230; Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku, s. 24 vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[97]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R. Cengiz Derdiman-Yusuf Uysal, \u201cKamu Y\u00f6netiminde Yetki Devri<\/a>\u201d \u00a0U.\u00dc. Fen-Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u00a0 Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi<\/em>\u00a0 Y\u0131l: 16, Say\u0131: 27, 2014\/2, ss:\u00a0 251-277, s. 258.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[98]<\/a>       \u00d6rne\u011fin; Dan\u0131\u015ftay 5. Dairesinin 12.09.2011 tarihli ve E. 2011\/1088, K. 2011\/4455, say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131\u2019\u0131nda:<\/a> 5442 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla, Valili\u011fe de\u011fil de Valiye verilen yetkinin devrinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
[99]<\/a>       Dan\u0131\u015ftay 10. Dairesinin Anayasa Mahkemesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 06.12.2011 tarihli ve esas: 2008\/1207 say\u0131l\u0131 itiraz ba\u015fvurusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[100]<\/sup><\/a>     Bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u201c1.2.1.2. Kanuni \u0130dare Prensibi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cKanunla D\u00fczenleme\u201dnin \u015eart\u0131n\u0131n Anlam\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[101]<\/a>     L\u00fctfi Duran, \u0130dare Hukuku Ders Notlar\u0131<\/em>, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1982, s. 466; Yeliz \u015eanl\u0131 Atay, T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Ads\u0131z D\u00fczenleyici \u0130\u015flemler<\/em>, T\u00fcrkiye ve Orta Do\u011fu Amme \u0130daresi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2011, s. 91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[102]<\/a>     Dan\u0131\u015ftay 12. Dairesinin 14.3.2019 tarihli ve esas: 2017\/1922 karar: 2019\/2009 tarihli karar\u0131 (www.kazanc.com.tr, eri\u015fim: 23.06.2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[103]<\/a>     Dan\u0131\u015ftay 12. Dairesinin 14.3.2019 tarihli ve esas: 2017\/1922 karar: 2019\/2009 tarihli karar\u0131 (www.kazanc.com.tr, eri\u015fim: 23.06.2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[104]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.02.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/91, karar: 2020\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 110.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
[105]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.02.2020 tarihli ve esas: 2018\/91, karar: 2020\/10 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00a7 110<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[106]<\/a>     Bak\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da: \u201c5.  \u0130darenin Kanuni Bir \u00c7er\u00e7evede Yetkilendirilmesi ve Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[107]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 06.07.1993 tarihli ve esas: 1993\/5, karar:1993\/25 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[108]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 13.06 1985 tarihli ve esas: 1984\/14 karar: 1985\/7 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 06.07.1993 tarihli ve esas: 1993\/5 karar: 1993\/25 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131; Turgut Tan, Ekonomik Kamu Hukuku, <\/em>2. Bask\u0131, Turhan Kitabevi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2015, s 111, 112.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[109]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.04.1988 esas: 1987\/16, karar: 1988\/8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[110]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 26\/10\/1965 tarihli ve esas: 1965\/25 karar: 1965\/57 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[111]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin (Genel Kurul) 18.01.2018 tarihli ve Esas: 2016\/180 Karar: 2018\/4 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[112]<\/a>     Dan\u0131\u015ftay 12. Dairesinin 14.3.2019 tarihli ve esas: 2017\/1922 karar: 2019\/2009 tarihli karar\u0131 (www.kazanc.com.tr, eri\u015fim: 23.06.2021). Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde Anayasa Mahkemesinin 28.03.1963 tarihli ve esas: 1963\/4 karar: 1963\/71 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[113]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 13.11.2014 tarihli ve 2013\/95 karar:2014\/176 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[114]<\/a>     Derdiman, \u0130dare Hukuku, s. 171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[115]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 13.11.2014 tarihli ve 2013\/95 karar:2014\/176 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[116]<\/a>     Duran, s. 466; Atay, T\u00fcrk Hukukunda\u2026,  <\/em>s. 91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[117]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesinin 27.2.2014 tarihli ve esas: 2012\/87 Karar: 2014\/41 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[118]<\/a>     Anayasa Mahkemesi Genel Kurulunun 2017\/38953 say\u0131l\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuruya verdi\u011fi 23\/7\/2020 tarihli karar\u0131 \u00a7 104.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kanuni \u0130dare ilkesinin incelendi\u011fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, idarenin te\u015fkil\u00e2t ve faaliyetlerinin kanuna dayanmas\u0131 ve kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gere\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu anlamada kanuni idare ilkesi, idarenin kanun h\u00e2kimiyetine girmesini anlatm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130darenin te\u015fkilatl\u00e2nmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlerinde kanuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Kanunun tarifinde \u015fekli kanun kriteri esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re kanun; yasama organ\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, milletin temsilcilerin \u201ckanun\u201d ad\u0131yla ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[44,46,48,221,222],"class_list":["post-2286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-makaleler","tag-anayasa","tag-anayasa-hukuku","tag-anayasa-mahkemesi-karari","tag-idare","tag-idare-hukuku"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131 | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"67 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/\",\"name\":\"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131 | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/26537196a4ad147b11fa4caf7ad72ad2\"},\"description\":\"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/\",\"name\":\"Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m\",\"description\":\"My WordPress Blog\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/26537196a4ad147b11fa4caf7ad72ad2\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/891e351861f552008c8b326025617c59.jpg?ver=1778810654\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/891e351861f552008c8b326025617c59.jpg?ver=1778810654\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\"],\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131 | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m","description":"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131","og_description":"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.","og_url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/","og_site_name":"Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m","article_published_time":"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":400,"url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"admin","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"67 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/","url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/","name":"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131 | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg","datePublished":"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-19T13:16:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/26537196a4ad147b11fa4caf7ad72ad2"},"description":"Kanuni idare ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan idari faaliyetlerde kanun ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin konumu hususlar\u0131 incelenmektedir.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Kanuni-idare-ilkesinin-anlami-ve-kapsami-1.jpeg","width":750,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/makaleler\/kanuni-idare-ilkesi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Kanuni \u0130dare \u0130lkesinin Anlam\u0131 ve Kapsam\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/","name":"Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m","description":"My WordPress Blog","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/26537196a4ad147b11fa4caf7ad72ad2","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/891e351861f552008c8b326025617c59.jpg?ver=1778810654","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/891e351861f552008c8b326025617c59.jpg?ver=1778810654","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni"],"url":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2286"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}