{"id":739,"date":"2017-11-06T12:12:22","date_gmt":"2017-11-06T09:12:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/?p=739"},"modified":"2017-11-06T12:12:22","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T09:12:22","slug":"kefalet-sozlesmelerinde-kefilden-asil-borcun-aynen-ifasi-istenebilir-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.hukukiyaklasim.com\/yeni\/sorularla-hukuk\/kefalet-sozlesmelerinde-kefilden-asil-borcun-aynen-ifasi-istenebilir-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kefilden As\u0131l Borcun Aynen \u0130fas\u0131 \u0130stenebilir mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Av. Emirhan Derdiman[*]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"Tan\u0131m, Ama\u00e7 ve Kapsam<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, mevcut bir borcun alacakl\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6denmesini taahh\u00fct eden, g\u00fcvence niteli\u011finde s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir.[1]<\/a> Bu ifadeye g\u00f6re kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin s\u00fcjeleri as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131 ve as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kefil olan ki\u015fidir. Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi esasen kefil olan ve alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Uygulamada ticari senetlerde veya bor\u00e7 do\u011furan di\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde, as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu ve alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kefilin de vasf\u0131 yaz\u0131larak imzalamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> Alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ama ge\u00e7erli olmayan veya h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale gelmi\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin kefilli\u011fi de hukuken yoktur veya h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.[2]<\/a>\u00a0 Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 yap\u0131lan ve lehine kefil olunanla ili\u015fkiler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ivazs\u0131z bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n

Bor\u00e7lunun borcunu \u00f6demedi\u011finde kefilin sorumlulu\u011fu daha evvelki bir yaz\u0131m\u0131zda dile getirilmi\u015fti. Buradan<\/a> ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011finiz yaz\u0131m\u0131zda kefaletin bir k\u0131s\u0131m t\u00fcrlerinden en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan, borcun kefile tesels\u00fcl edip etmemesine g\u00f6re kefalet t\u00fcrleri \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin amac\u0131, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n, as\u0131l borcun \u00f6denmesini garanti alt\u0131na almas\u0131d\u0131r.[3]<\/a> Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi fer\u2019i bor\u00e7 do\u011furur.[4]<\/a> Kefil ne as\u0131l borcu ifa etmek, ne de alacakl\u0131n\u0131n zarar\u0131n\u0131 tazmin etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunlardan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olamaz.[5]<\/a> Kefilin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6denmeyen as\u0131l borcu aynen ifa etmek de\u011fil; belirlenen miktar kadar \u00f6deme yapmakt\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, kefil \u00f6denmeyen as\u0131l bor\u00e7tan ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu olmakta;[6]<\/a> kefil as\u0131l borcu de\u011fil, kendine y\u00fcklenen borcu \u00f6demektedir.<\/em><\/strong> de\u011fil, kendi borcudur.<\/p>\n

Do\u011furdu\u011fu Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck Bi\u00e7imi ve Yasal H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

TBK, 584. maddesinde,\u00a0 evli durumda olanlar\u0131n kefil olabilmeleri i\u00e7in e\u015flerinin r\u0131zalar\u0131 aranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan, TBK\u2019n\u0131n, 589\/3 maddesine g\u00f6re, kefil, \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa kefil, bor\u00e7lunun sadece kefalet\u00a0s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonraki\u00a0bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sorumludur.\u201d<\/p>\n

6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu (TBK), 589. maddesinde kefaletin niteli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kefilin,<\/p>\n

1-) S\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirtilen kefalet miktar\u0131yla,<\/p>\n

2-) Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirtilen miktarla,<\/p>\n

3-) S\u00f6zle\u015fmede sorumlu olunacak miktar belirtilmemi\u015fse azami miktarla,<\/p>\n

Sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, kefil olunan bor\u00e7 miktar olarak belirtilmemi\u015fse, kefalet sorumlulu\u011fu azami miktardan fazla olamayacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla kefil as\u0131l bor\u00e7lunun borcundan, as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu gibi de\u011fil, sadece as\u0131l borcun \u00f6denmemesi halinde kefil oldu\u011fu azami miktar ile sorumlu olacakt\u0131r. \u00a0Burada ve yukar\u0131da ge\u00e7en, \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirtilen miktar\u201d ya da \u201cazami miktar\u201d tabirlerindeki \u201cmiktar\u201d, parasal de\u011feri ve tutar\u0131 anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong> As\u0131l borcun niteli\u011fi paradan farkl\u0131 bir edim olsa bile, kefilin sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131n yine de para ile belirtilmesi gerekmektedir.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kefalet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Yerine Getirilmesi Bi\u00e7imi ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bor\u00e7lar hukukun genel esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re, borcun ifa edilmemesi halinde duruma g\u00f6re aynen ifa, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesih ve\/veya tazminat talebi gibi se\u00e7eneklerden s\u00f6z edilebilir. Ancak, kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde aynen ifa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re,<\/em><\/strong> \u015fu sonu\u00e7lardan bahsedilebilecektir:<\/p>\n

1-) Kefil, \u00f6denmeyen as\u0131l bor\u00e7tan kendisi bor\u00e7lu olarak sorumludur.<\/p>\n

2-) Kefilin borcu \u00f6demesi as\u0131l borcun \u00f6denmesi \u015feklinde olamaz. Kefil, kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde taahh\u00fct etti\u011fi parasal tutar\u0131 \u00f6der.<\/em><\/strong> Bir parasal tutar belirlenmemi\u015fse, kefil olarak en fazla, as\u0131l borcun bulunacak de\u011ferini a\u015fmayacak azami parasal tutar \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n

Aynen \u0130fa Edilemezli\u011fin ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n

1-) Kefil as\u0131l borcu aynen ifa etmek zorunda de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle kendine kar\u015f\u0131 aynen ifa davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lamaz. A\u00e7\u0131lsa bile bu yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde reddedilir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2-) TBK\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re hukuka ve ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcrler. Bu nedenle, yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ra\u011fmen, kefilin aynen ifa ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz addedilmelidir.<\/em><\/strong> B\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, kefalet ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131na, kefil olunacak miktar da belirtilmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, kefilin, borcun azami de\u011feri kadar parasal tutardan sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmak ve\/veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi bu \u015fekilde yorumlamak gerekecektir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dipnotlar<\/h4>\n

[*]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Bursa Barosu<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fikret Eren, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler,<\/em> Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2014, s. 771.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R. Cengiz Derdiman, Hukuk Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131,<\/em> G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 5. Bask\u0131, Akt\u00fcel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bursa, 2015, s. 434.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eren, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eser, s. 771<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alanur Ayhan, \u201cGaranti ve Kefalet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d, Hukuk G\u00fcndemi<\/em>, http:\/\/www.ankarabarosu.org.tr\/siteler\/ ankarabarosu\/hgdmakale\/2010-1\/6.pdf, eri\u015fim tarihi: 21.10.2017,\u00a0 s. 33<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ayhan, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en makale,\u00a0 s. 32.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Derdiman, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eser, s. 434.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Turgut Ak\u0131nt\u00fcrk-Derya Ate\u015f Kararman, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku<\/em>, 17. Bask\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011, s. 336.<\/p>\n

\n
Dikkat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/u><\/em><\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n
1-)\u00a0 Bu makalenin, y<\/em>asalara uygun \u015fekilde kaynak g\u00f6sterilip at\u0131f yap\u0131larak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 hari\u00e7,\n r\u0131zam\u0131z ve iznimiz al\u0131nmadan ba\u015fka yerlerde yay\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\n hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. Bu hususta Yasal Uyar\u0131<\/a> sayfas\u0131n\u0131 da kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/em>\n\n2-) Bu makaleye at\u0131f yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde:<\/em>\n\nEmirhan Derdiman, \u201cKefilden As\u0131l Borcun Aynen \u0130fas\u0131 \u0130stenebilir mi?<\/em>\u201d,\n Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, <\/em>\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..\u201d\n\n\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em>\n\n3-) \u0130znimiz ve r\u0131zam\u0131z al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlarda da mutlaka<\/em>\n\n\u201cKaynak: Emirhan Derdiman, \u201cKefilden As\u0131l Borcun Aynen \u0130fas\u0131 \u0130stenebilir mi?\u201d,\n Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m Sitesi, \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. Eri\u015fim Tarihi: ..\/..\/20..\u201d <\/em>\n\n\u015eeklinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/em><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Av. Emirhan Derdiman[*] Tan\u0131m, Ama\u00e7 ve Kapsam Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, mevcut bir borcun alacakl\u0131s\u0131na \u00f6denmesini taahh\u00fct eden, g\u00fcvence niteli\u011finde s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir.[1] Bu ifadeye g\u00f6re kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin s\u00fcjeleri as\u0131l bor\u00e7lu, alacakl\u0131 ve as\u0131l bor\u00e7luya kefil olan ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[61,79,285,287,351],"class_list":["post-739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sorularla-hukuk","tag-asil-borc","tag-azami-miktar","tag-kefalet-sozlesmeleri","tag-kefil","tag-parasal-tutar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKefilden As\u0131l Borcun Aynen \u0130fas\u0131 \u0130stenebilir mi? | Hukuki Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kefalet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi esasen kefil olan ve alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. 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